DNSSEC Debugger - USGS.GOV

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Time: 2026-04-21 13:32:31 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for USGS.GOV

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to k.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1139 bytes from 193.0.14.129
	;; Response received from [193.0.14.129] 1139 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 21172 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260512000000 20260421000000 20326 . QvSkyDkWG8iEuZYOE0DYqVepxjeSy+/OYdhrVakvBjxk4j3bjMQV1sXumjCBQdvxk7ISiGzCythX xG7extNG3exqPszcbu5F2yGP3HpdcZlPb5AJLRs66pfUFz8/nHDCymq2X9a/vNmm50EiG5fKSf/p ZzWEyPVcnb0pWFkGXHHjqWeZVJEXM+Xf04M4zQtfzcwOoSZ7csseLr7ukYmcAMqkW0YdqHlA/9RK BGKhRRtwM+Zisdmz6a4nveAIqcPoi9sSY2CTZauROG5GpiYKqjDvZhlPi1jBBX6LmE6UFgQgJxof Gph1+dXE9iEohtXmBxt580NFS/T9/UcgZan6Yg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260512000000 20260421000000 20326 . QvSkyDkWG8iEuZYOE0DYqVepxjeSy+/OYdhrVakvBjxk4j3bjMQV1sXumjCBQdvxk7ISiGzCythX xG7extNG3exqPszcbu5F2yGP3HpdcZlPb5AJLRs66pfUFz8/nHDCymq2X9a/vNmm50EiG5fKSf/p ZzWEyPVcnb0pWFkGXHHjqWeZVJEXM+Xf04M4zQtfzcwOoSZ7csseLr7ukYmcAMqkW0YdqHlA/9RK BGKhRRtwM+Zisdmz6a4nveAIqcPoi9sSY2CTZauROG5GpiYKqjDvZhlPi1jBBX6LmE6UFgQgJxof Gph1+dXE9iEohtXmBxt580NFS/T9/UcgZan6Yg== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=54393 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to h.root-servers.net for USGS.GOV/A
	Received 615 bytes from 198.97.190.53
	;; Response received from [198.97.190.53] 615 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 17643 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) GOV. 172800 IN NS a.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS b.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS c.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS d.ns.GOV. GOV. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) GOV. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260504050000 20260421040000 54393 . t9vRXsqoHdq+yBhjSreT8vVH8Mks2R4MxIvD0kRKyRkYYwDTd06KvVDmz4N1nbxBaqTxIxEHUiTP 33T1IFdxHcecrvB/wSAARcp9nhESJTk2hs4KHnafqKZbXzAXSW6T9TAaOfOHluvqIpelrZtFhLw1 OSEeAOGq3P9EsXMLVMOFTQ13laLaZySv2hqNlmE7a/sZrZJenEFypFil9Oq52zEq7AYHFXY8yIF8 K/W6e78Q5GkVSFZoUKDJf+zQR3wbjtgU2SLRU4PX3faOQfspokCUi2twXjWdFCGy/pZxmJ4AVfPW eRPy7jEG73C38WuIXpBUpzO+rhAERVkRTGPyNw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 b.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 c.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 d.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 a.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to k.root-servers.net for GOV/DNSKEY
	Received 610 bytes from 193.0.14.129
	;; Response received from [193.0.14.129] 610 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 4277 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; GOV. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) GOV. 172800 IN NS a.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS b.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS c.ns.GOV. GOV. 172800 IN NS d.ns.GOV. GOV. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) GOV. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260504050000 20260421040000 54393 . t9vRXsqoHdq+yBhjSreT8vVH8Mks2R4MxIvD0kRKyRkYYwDTd06KvVDmz4N1nbxBaqTxIxEHUiTP 33T1IFdxHcecrvB/wSAARcp9nhESJTk2hs4KHnafqKZbXzAXSW6T9TAaOfOHluvqIpelrZtFhLw1 OSEeAOGq3P9EsXMLVMOFTQ13laLaZySv2hqNlmE7a/sZrZJenEFypFil9Oq52zEq7AYHFXY8yIF8 K/W6e78Q5GkVSFZoUKDJf+zQR3wbjtgU2SLRU4PX3faOQfspokCUi2twXjWdFCGy/pZxmJ4AVfPW eRPy7jEG73C38WuIXpBUpzO+rhAERVkRTGPyNw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 b.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 c.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 d.ns.GOV. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 a.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.GOV. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone GOV

GOV

	Checking DS between . and GOV
	Query to j.root-servers.net for GOV/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 41420 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; GOV. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) GOV. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) GOV. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260504050000 20260421040000 54393 . t9vRXsqoHdq+yBhjSreT8vVH8Mks2R4MxIvD0kRKyRkYYwDTd06KvVDmz4N1nbxBaqTxIxEHUiTP 33T1IFdxHcecrvB/wSAARcp9nhESJTk2hs4KHnafqKZbXzAXSW6T9TAaOfOHluvqIpelrZtFhLw1 OSEeAOGq3P9EsXMLVMOFTQ13laLaZySv2hqNlmE7a/sZrZJenEFypFil9Oq52zEq7AYHFXY8yIF8 K/W6e78Q5GkVSFZoUKDJf+zQR3wbjtgU2SLRU4PX3faOQfspokCUi2twXjWdFCGy/pZxmJ4AVfPW eRPy7jEG73C38WuIXpBUpzO+rhAERVkRTGPyNw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for GOV in the . zone
	DS=2536/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`GOV. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260504050000 20260421040000 54393 . t9vRXsqoHdq+yBhjSreT8vVH8Mks2R4MxIvD0kRKyRkYYwDTd06KvVDmz4N1nbxBaqTxIxEHUiTP 33T1IFdxHcecrvB/wSAARcp9nhESJTk2hs4KHnafqKZbXzAXSW6T9TAaOfOHluvqIpelrZtFhLw1 OSEeAOGq3P9EsXMLVMOFTQ13laLaZySv2hqNlmE7a/sZrZJenEFypFil9Oq52zEq7AYHFXY8yIF8 K/W6e78Q5GkVSFZoUKDJf+zQR3wbjtgU2SLRU4PX3faOQfspokCUi2twXjWdFCGy/pZxmJ4AVfPW eRPy7jEG73C38WuIXpBUpzO+rhAERVkRTGPyNw== )`
	RRSIG=54393 and DNSKEY=54393 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2536/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`GOV. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 )`
	Query to b.ns.GOV for GOV/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 199.33.231.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.231.1] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 22911 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; GOV. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536 GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496 GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20260605110630 20260405110630 2536 gov. 2iHkI6KNpypgXNkkvAKmXKicvyZoEJm+L3HYyM8970H7lTBFwiVYd2cum3MuioVU5WzMEQw1k1c6 /r/8XT47qw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for GOV
	`GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536`
	`GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496`
	DNSKEY=2536/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2536/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2536/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20260605110630 20260405110630 2536 gov. 2iHkI6KNpypgXNkkvAKmXKicvyZoEJm+L3HYyM8970H7lTBFwiVYd2cum3MuioVU5WzMEQw1k1c6 /r/8XT47qw== )`
	RRSIG=2536 and DNSKEY=2536/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=35496 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to b.ns.GOV for USGS.GOV/A
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.231.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.231.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 30239 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) USGS.GOV. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. USGS.GOV. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260422143232 20260420123232 35496 gov. LWmxwGDl0Fi+lJLY1nGcn7MFibqn2nFWXmdgTWOE4R0JBfgnUbt375lI/VUB2JchqmTi83qrttiv /RKZ9gsMQw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to d.ns.GOV for USGS.GOV/DNSKEY
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.233.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.233.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 11472 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) USGS.GOV. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. USGS.GOV. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260422143232 20260420123232 35496 gov. Vf0M+w07yXrWPqIdNtykOOo7H9/9hPbXAHBcpaC+9o2MTsBkdlyIUMpMYYLzv1QuM2VLJrGTGW55 IEiHps3SUw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone USGS.GOV

USGS.GOV

	Checking DS between GOV and USGS.GOV
	Query to c.ns.GOV for USGS.GOV/DS
	Received 184 bytes from 199.33.232.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.232.1] 184 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 2984 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260422143232 20260420123232 35496 gov. nDZ5t8fEPfQqLwTSQ9lNsnehliu3VEyZmwzGpuc5tG+HZ8vEVNtAekaGZqmiQuzlFUDhFLbWFZOy i5kB0WXrIA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for USGS.GOV in the GOV zone
	DS=2371/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260422143232 20260420123232 35496 gov. nDZ5t8fEPfQqLwTSQ9lNsnehliu3VEyZmwzGpuc5tG+HZ8vEVNtAekaGZqmiQuzlFUDhFLbWFZOy i5kB0WXrIA== )`
	RRSIG=35496 and DNSKEY=35496 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2371/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 )`
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/DNSKEY
	Received 301 bytes from 108.162.192.84
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.84] 301 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 30877 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260604033743 20260404033743 2371 usgs.gov. w7gjpWARTOp4Lnv3MgJUkb/1lNGAPyvGfh0MqQbzl4R635PjIgjRqdj0H61TcADxV5+sz7DTezo0 zRkHhVPsOQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for USGS.GOV
	`USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`USGS.GOV. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	DNSKEY=2371/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2371/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2371/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`USGS.GOV. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260604033743 20260404033743 2371 usgs.gov. w7gjpWARTOp4Lnv3MgJUkb/1lNGAPyvGfh0MqQbzl4R635PjIgjRqdj0H61TcADxV5+sz7DTezo0 zRkHhVPsOQ== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=34505 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/A
	Received 157 bytes from 172.64.32.84
	;; Response received from [172.64.32.84] 157 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 35922 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) USGS.GOV. 129 IN A 137.227.233.178 USGS.GOV. 129 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 129 20260422143232 20260420123232 34505 usgs.gov. E2x95iyqWyr4d7M0zj3wkxlXsVptLPxzVLZvJf1gIzdMqHnxvd8cUvqzmwIyDa1oDpez9zyV4Ew0 xfYt1rzIAw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	chin.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for USGS.GOV
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/SOA
	Received 203 bytes from 172.64.33.225
	;; Response received from [172.64.33.225] 203 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 52784 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) USGS.GOV. 1800 IN SOA ( chin.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2401839417 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) USGS.GOV. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260422143232 20260420123232 34505 usgs.gov. bv5LeXFJmDMpQfWGuTn48IcNvYZQA9AAiI86bHNmvOAZknTJqXNM82IFAAbD7PbJfcVBwTUDu4hi u3hbTyjuEg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/A
	USGS.GOV A RR has value 137.227.233.178
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`USGS.GOV. 129 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 129 20260422143232 20260420123232 34505 usgs.gov. E2x95iyqWyr4d7M0zj3wkxlXsVptLPxzVLZvJf1gIzdMqHnxvd8cUvqzmwIyDa1oDpez9zyV4Ew0 xfYt1rzIAw== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

USGS.GOV

	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/A
	Received 157 bytes from 108.162.193.225
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.225] 157 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 37362 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; USGS.GOV. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) USGS.GOV. 47 IN A 137.227.233.178 USGS.GOV. 47 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 47 20260422143232 20260420123232 34505 usgs.gov. Wn3pEJiM9CUi4zXRH7BF74x1pXDWeJ6aGLN2IWi4Cvkm/x5hPmg1OstEeoRIbypcYLdH4oWuFLGl Eusk2N+8iA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ram.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for USGS.GOV
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for USGS.GOV/A
	USGS.GOV A RR has value 137.227.233.178
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`USGS.GOV. 47 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 47 20260422143232 20260420123232 34505 usgs.gov. Wn3pEJiM9CUi4zXRH7BF74x1pXDWeJ6aGLN2IWi4Cvkm/x5hPmg1OstEeoRIbypcYLdH4oWuFLGl Eusk2N+8iA== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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