DNSSEC Debugger - tulane.edu

Domain Name:

Time: 2026-01-23 10:59:31 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for tulane.edu

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	Query to g.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1141 bytes from 192.112.36.4
	;; Response received from [192.112.36.4] 1141 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 29219 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbNTVC2+pry4pc37pZI9Oj6b8FHxT3VGrvSPKLE1Tjyfe2kUZUtVX5xrv6AV4BVO+ygrYjGZ MNgEnbLU4zknnlnhI2e0g6iTza1aZh0dRZXGH16C1NUNq1CxBkUhIYQhQDeIOtLacx+RmFTc+hSH JJ2MJ79IS00kA7eKi6mofQ7SPJmdJVjI+JAx791y0f5QaB+iHGANU53FwiYXNUQjfAzCrtOaSevG sx8SO8BTaXLAjFq5eewOtwScVwfVDhEXlvpE6e+mIncwhNKaMRD9IPuHENqCNPI5MjxfAMVS6cEY 8eEozIkv/vHc+0Auu3n+Fcx6F2Js4KPXaHEShAXugfU= ) ; keytag 21831 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260211000000 20260121000000 20326 . EBetGA/PKYoAlq56mQMDn03GRImGJtuP7+VneaBFBz6bKPYOkJCeH+iWyvbdHc2EdpdPwod/fNV2 buvubzluWs2ORvqpr/w3awExDRBLgjuGRo8LyRlPG/utQh2tmjC5t5CzPKKtUOjKcotmlYgfV+pQ CT1zqZfavyxYJXMGILkSVcQe+3rraAvzXQoZzMfewQZOJrhyFfKtugkpOLWCuWg5/dKleyYB8G4r EWDPhywRt+GSlOgFWhNYTHhEpZsSA6vnb3FTtIgu7CqlDD1zOTrIFuiv7L8cFizHm542Bm69lbzg QGJGdgSwOGAe4Aj55UXMdRobYUdhoWOsdGOJKA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbNTVC2+pry4pc37pZI9Oj6b8FHxT3VGrvSPKLE1Tjyfe2kUZUtVX5xrv6AV4BVO+ygrYjGZ MNgEnbLU4zknnlnhI2e0g6iTza1aZh0dRZXGH16C1NUNq1CxBkUhIYQhQDeIOtLacx+RmFTc+hSH JJ2MJ79IS00kA7eKi6mofQ7SPJmdJVjI+JAx791y0f5QaB+iHGANU53FwiYXNUQjfAzCrtOaSevG sx8SO8BTaXLAjFq5eewOtwScVwfVDhEXlvpE6e+mIncwhNKaMRD9IPuHENqCNPI5MjxfAMVS6cEY 8eEozIkv/vHc+0Auu3n+Fcx6F2Js4KPXaHEShAXugfU= ) ; keytag 21831`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260211000000 20260121000000 20326 . EBetGA/PKYoAlq56mQMDn03GRImGJtuP7+VneaBFBz6bKPYOkJCeH+iWyvbdHc2EdpdPwod/fNV2 buvubzluWs2ORvqpr/w3awExDRBLgjuGRo8LyRlPG/utQh2tmjC5t5CzPKKtUOjKcotmlYgfV+pQ CT1zqZfavyxYJXMGILkSVcQe+3rraAvzXQoZzMfewQZOJrhyFfKtugkpOLWCuWg5/dKleyYB8G4r EWDPhywRt+GSlOgFWhNYTHhEpZsSA6vnb3FTtIgu7CqlDD1zOTrIFuiv7L8cFizHm542Bm69lbzg QGJGdgSwOGAe4Aj55UXMdRobYUdhoWOsdGOJKA== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=21831 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to d.root-servers.net for tulane.edu/A
	Received 1169 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 1169 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 38827 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260205050000 20260123040000 21831 . aRIYvi7uUAfa3rJzXH0niSAJPBOX51+M+7X/SHbpbCvmAF88TKTy2j8nNWjSf3wtnEtjcA4Sr/nA 8ShwuEOq4rX851mGFKXedBdoWkDEBQgG8an2e9gRnlXko/Wi8RT6wF9JpOcMYKoxGXiQ+S9HZF6I iRy7DJpM6lXeN5OSnp+gDF7VGJnkad12whdgjdavmCAA5VSblRTlHpvjZP5KjXG0XIv2oa8UK/1R 82YiAvPQ4U+qsL9yWBzopARnwSAfBMh90zK+B2qbh3IoQcdZ3caNDPwpZ7K7IDqu7dI9V//Pkgnm jcRySIWIPCBQ5CQHxciM+0UTq3zq0u14+ofmSQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to i.root-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1162 bytes from 192.36.148.17
	;; Response received from [192.36.148.17] 1162 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 54249 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260205050000 20260123040000 21831 . aRIYvi7uUAfa3rJzXH0niSAJPBOX51+M+7X/SHbpbCvmAF88TKTy2j8nNWjSf3wtnEtjcA4Sr/nA 8ShwuEOq4rX851mGFKXedBdoWkDEBQgG8an2e9gRnlXko/Wi8RT6wF9JpOcMYKoxGXiQ+S9HZF6I iRy7DJpM6lXeN5OSnp+gDF7VGJnkad12whdgjdavmCAA5VSblRTlHpvjZP5KjXG0XIv2oa8UK/1R 82YiAvPQ4U+qsL9yWBzopARnwSAfBMh90zK+B2qbh3IoQcdZ3caNDPwpZ7K7IDqu7dI9V//Pkgnm jcRySIWIPCBQ5CQHxciM+0UTq3zq0u14+ofmSQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone edu

edu

	Checking DS between . and edu
	Query to h.root-servers.net for edu/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 198.97.190.53
	;; Response received from [198.97.190.53] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 36273 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260205050000 20260123040000 21831 . aRIYvi7uUAfa3rJzXH0niSAJPBOX51+M+7X/SHbpbCvmAF88TKTy2j8nNWjSf3wtnEtjcA4Sr/nA 8ShwuEOq4rX851mGFKXedBdoWkDEBQgG8an2e9gRnlXko/Wi8RT6wF9JpOcMYKoxGXiQ+S9HZF6I iRy7DJpM6lXeN5OSnp+gDF7VGJnkad12whdgjdavmCAA5VSblRTlHpvjZP5KjXG0XIv2oa8UK/1R 82YiAvPQ4U+qsL9yWBzopARnwSAfBMh90zK+B2qbh3IoQcdZ3caNDPwpZ7K7IDqu7dI9V//Pkgnm jcRySIWIPCBQ5CQHxciM+0UTq3zq0u14+ofmSQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for edu in the . zone
	DS=35663/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260205050000 20260123040000 21831 . aRIYvi7uUAfa3rJzXH0niSAJPBOX51+M+7X/SHbpbCvmAF88TKTy2j8nNWjSf3wtnEtjcA4Sr/nA 8ShwuEOq4rX851mGFKXedBdoWkDEBQgG8an2e9gRnlXko/Wi8RT6wF9JpOcMYKoxGXiQ+S9HZF6I iRy7DJpM6lXeN5OSnp+gDF7VGJnkad12whdgjdavmCAA5VSblRTlHpvjZP5KjXG0XIv2oa8UK/1R 82YiAvPQ4U+qsL9yWBzopARnwSAfBMh90zK+B2qbh3IoQcdZ3caNDPwpZ7K7IDqu7dI9V//Pkgnm jcRySIWIPCBQ5CQHxciM+0UTq3zq0u14+ofmSQ== )`
	RRSIG=21831 and DNSKEY=21831 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=35663/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d )`
	Query to h.edu-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 192.54.112.30
	;; Response received from [192.54.112.30] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 28217 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 ofExWbhssID57iiPCfo97BkTsCvsSwz1SQaESyZir1MIqxRITdSKbOcUbrVEtScEVsIP6MoJ1+iL 3fMyJirNRA== ) ; keytag 16901 edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260130161114 20260115160614 35663 edu. cEjnBVH2I+MQyP3Y2XPYUGXOFFRhONgT0HjyWqiLZ6wYnMPclywtqdpBHxM3JXMXQmWRorxE9IAB blOHB627bg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for edu
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 ofExWbhssID57iiPCfo97BkTsCvsSwz1SQaESyZir1MIqxRITdSKbOcUbrVEtScEVsIP6MoJ1+iL 3fMyJirNRA== ) ; keytag 16901`
	DNSKEY=35663/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=35663/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=35663/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260130161114 20260115160614 35663 edu. cEjnBVH2I+MQyP3Y2XPYUGXOFFRhONgT0HjyWqiLZ6wYnMPclywtqdpBHxM3JXMXQmWRorxE9IAB blOHB627bg== )`
	RRSIG=35663 and DNSKEY=35663/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=16901 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to b.edu-servers.net for tulane.edu/A
	Received 241 bytes from 192.33.14.30
	;; Response received from [192.33.14.30] 241 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 60131 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) tulane.edu. 172800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. tulane.edu. 172800 IN NS megan.ns.cloudflare.com. tulane.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 c46a7105bb3cda3fd11b8a786183ac850fe482eb527143b6b10b96e4ce5ba780 ) tulane.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260129031713 20260122020713 16901 edu. vtISClHqOoxF5RJdsFoVn/2m+tJ8O/z4ZPrZfaQwJoVT/UF1+rp8jGSmwGH9yqj6BBzhX1Yza4WI yx1qdfArWQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to j.edu-servers.net for tulane.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 241 bytes from 192.48.79.30
	;; Response received from [192.48.79.30] 241 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 33684 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) tulane.edu. 172800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. tulane.edu. 172800 IN NS megan.ns.cloudflare.com. tulane.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 c46a7105bb3cda3fd11b8a786183ac850fe482eb527143b6b10b96e4ce5ba780 ) tulane.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260129031713 20260122020713 16901 edu. vtISClHqOoxF5RJdsFoVn/2m+tJ8O/z4ZPrZfaQwJoVT/UF1+rp8jGSmwGH9yqj6BBzhX1Yza4WI yx1qdfArWQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone tulane.edu

tulane.edu

	Checking DS between edu and tulane.edu
	Query to i.edu-servers.net for tulane.edu/DS
	Received 1080 bytes from 192.43.172.30
	;; Response received from [192.43.172.30] 1080 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 8722 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 14 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 c46a7105bb3cda3fd11b8a786183ac850fe482eb527143b6b10b96e4ce5ba780 ) tulane.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260129031713 20260122020713 16901 edu. vtISClHqOoxF5RJdsFoVn/2m+tJ8O/z4ZPrZfaQwJoVT/UF1+rp8jGSmwGH9yqj6BBzhX1Yza4WI yx1qdfArWQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (14 records) edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( NS 13 1 172800 20260127031740 20260120020740 16901 edu. SGvtorOZyknx9tswuJ5tWq1RLMtMdgYNoXKz9Hd9cSNI6V//jMbPJkb0W1htO1dSa7uVIlBfnvl4 zjMgtwbD0A== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for tulane.edu in the edu zone
	DS=2371/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`tulane.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260129031713 20260122020713 16901 edu. vtISClHqOoxF5RJdsFoVn/2m+tJ8O/z4ZPrZfaQwJoVT/UF1+rp8jGSmwGH9yqj6BBzhX1Yza4WI yx1qdfArWQ== )`
	RRSIG=16901 and DNSKEY=16901 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2371/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`tulane.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 c46a7105bb3cda3fd11b8a786183ac850fe482eb527143b6b10b96e4ce5ba780 )`
	Query to megan.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 305 bytes from 108.162.192.197
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.197] 305 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62207 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) tulane.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 tulane.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 tulane.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260310230309 20260108230309 2371 tulane.edu. KJXFtHMAbb5/4FJseDX1CIgdyh/V9SVCxrYH0vfGgQovmGn/oK9tcNq2873+0ABSnenf5p8tfDX1 Dw22WzHTAQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for tulane.edu
	`tulane.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`tulane.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	DNSKEY=2371/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2371/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2371/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`tulane.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260310230309 20260108230309 2371 tulane.edu. KJXFtHMAbb5/4FJseDX1CIgdyh/V9SVCxrYH0vfGgQovmGn/oK9tcNq2873+0ABSnenf5p8tfDX1 Dw22WzHTAQ== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=34505 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/A
	Received 161 bytes from 172.64.33.225
	;; Response received from [172.64.33.225] 161 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 51187 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 300 IN A 23.185.0.3 tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. BN8bWgQSDTCz7nc2OIEDeME8xRkqaJoqJ5i+UlaQsRpbCyFfabTMOZFs7/Q2aGSBd3JkQ7IW0IC+ MI54nzZ6fA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ram.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for tulane.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by tulane.edu zone
	Query to megan.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/SOA
	Received 208 bytes from 108.162.192.197
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.197] 208 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 31073 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 1800 IN SOA ( megan.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2394607966 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) tulane.edu. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. nXLzK+OzBZutH7G6ldP8opyRnHGIZ5edrmr1yYuzRmzSM75OPhNASB/Hbo2XZrP4A+6MdrWygRv+ fPrOwsLuoA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/A
	Received 161 bytes from 108.162.193.225
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.225] 161 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 43841 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 300 IN A 23.185.0.3 tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. Jb38KKpnVWO578jsMHOp//XEV0L/xT710EHsgLX/IeoWX5Ya+rAZjpn87aFe55JTug8Vky4VJvLs OT2reIhX3A== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	tulane.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. Jb38KKpnVWO578jsMHOp//XEV0L/xT710EHsgLX/IeoWX5Ya+rAZjpn87aFe55JTug8Vky4VJvLs OT2reIhX3A== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

tulane.edu

	Query to megan.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/A
	Received 161 bytes from 172.64.32.197
	;; Response received from [172.64.32.197] 161 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 43352 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 300 IN A 23.185.0.3 tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. dPRJSgUJBmAmqvkAQ0DoLh79+bINtK13HMKLGV/lRUDaZjUfS8d7KpZggBzy99w/SkDyO8PmEXqi 7pAnL5vBLg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	megan.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for tulane.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by tulane.edu zone
	Query to megan.ns.cloudflare.com for tulane.edu/A
	Received 161 bytes from 108.162.192.197
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.197] 161 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 34503 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; tulane.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) tulane.edu. 300 IN A 23.185.0.3 tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. s3Lwuyl1op4WLWWP6zaYd0RO+5/ClZGqKMEUoPkcTDkGds9uT46xXZvWO/gRScqjW5GH4WYB/zVW wEnsSfrLzw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	tulane.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`tulane.edu. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 300 20260124115932 20260122095932 34505 tulane.edu. s3Lwuyl1op4WLWWP6zaYd0RO+5/ClZGqKMEUoPkcTDkGds9uT46xXZvWO/gRScqjW5GH4WYB/zVW wEnsSfrLzw== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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