DNSSEC Debugger

Domain Name:

Time: 2025-09-15 17:51:53 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usc.edu

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	Query to i.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1417 bytes from 192.36.148.17
	;; Response received from [192.36.148.17] 1417 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 31374 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 5 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (5 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbEbGCpGTDrcZTWqWWE72nphyshpRcILdzCVlBGU9Ln1Fui9kkseUOP+g5GLUeVFKdTloeRT A9+EYiQdXgWXmXmuW/nGxZjAikluF/O9NzLVrr5iZnth2xu+F48nrJlAgWWiMNau54NI5sZ3iVQf hFsq2pZmf43RauRPniYMShOLO7EBWWXr5glDSgZGS9fSm6xHwwF+g8D4m8oanjvdCBNxXzSEKS31 ibxjLifTfvwCg3y4XXcNW9U6Nu3JmoKUdxqpPPIkBvVQbIz4UO2FwaR13uXC03ALP1Yx2QNSS4SZ lcIMtAftQR9wtCiuPWQnFv4jkzWqlhp1Lmf7bcoL9yk= ) ; keytag 53148 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbauxLSFZ+KSWi2cT6TJbm3d+GIVqb2N1XnDjMsRme0b6JlGp/cvwmM5CaJ5LQ7tG1r7LuTH jYZadtbNk2nZmclq9r4KInS48ungoAZb0gJXVw8IvBTBb1YWQmiBqD285pJuORwTii7DF++nNJJk 3i55HJt9SmBI7m7t8nvx7OOY/w0inxg3fLH2uY0SKO8he4FGwMc4Ubiab8N8Yhyhh+FkKKdD/+oA cuGF75PjlSXO460B4MlNLlEcjDEzIsKauRYx4YVgSaNomGhMMFblmXRzgW+1R6ywvm5mC9+omlyy izZp2GJfPwGMezuKSGDndO6CYYEc5/lsRhvBYsGjdPM= ) ; keytag 46441 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20250930000000 20250909000000 20326 . aqj52+DKW6PhTa31l3xyxa0lbMd8T/UyK1sNUC42EY1+cSp0hSC0VlW82RsWYU5G5NmewrInT/Sx glWFlFz94yVqiKAK7ZNQr94nRbA7okrrlfnloiBi3cQ1IvEUgvNcmlZMLTeA6rINvdcBwS7ljMOH m0vQDce9IOxhQT7iAu23oiNORw5nWG/npNkYRFDD4yQvD3HsNeXFTuyDuc57ZEjs/pnIG5nkcqx7 tp/ba3XbOGllDr/V/0ubak7OeWum1eckIljqUsx5BnfBfIA7rJ2JJBIT7JMJ/O/cflTKoJFHQoKG TVYrNVBq9vsnZ01Q4ss688IvI8vO3zkP6LQLEA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 4 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbEbGCpGTDrcZTWqWWE72nphyshpRcILdzCVlBGU9Ln1Fui9kkseUOP+g5GLUeVFKdTloeRT A9+EYiQdXgWXmXmuW/nGxZjAikluF/O9NzLVrr5iZnth2xu+F48nrJlAgWWiMNau54NI5sZ3iVQf hFsq2pZmf43RauRPniYMShOLO7EBWWXr5glDSgZGS9fSm6xHwwF+g8D4m8oanjvdCBNxXzSEKS31 ibxjLifTfvwCg3y4XXcNW9U6Nu3JmoKUdxqpPPIkBvVQbIz4UO2FwaR13uXC03ALP1Yx2QNSS4SZ lcIMtAftQR9wtCiuPWQnFv4jkzWqlhp1Lmf7bcoL9yk= ) ; keytag 53148`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbauxLSFZ+KSWi2cT6TJbm3d+GIVqb2N1XnDjMsRme0b6JlGp/cvwmM5CaJ5LQ7tG1r7LuTH jYZadtbNk2nZmclq9r4KInS48ungoAZb0gJXVw8IvBTBb1YWQmiBqD285pJuORwTii7DF++nNJJk 3i55HJt9SmBI7m7t8nvx7OOY/w0inxg3fLH2uY0SKO8he4FGwMc4Ubiab8N8Yhyhh+FkKKdD/+oA cuGF75PjlSXO460B4MlNLlEcjDEzIsKauRYx4YVgSaNomGhMMFblmXRzgW+1R6ywvm5mC9+omlyy izZp2GJfPwGMezuKSGDndO6CYYEc5/lsRhvBYsGjdPM= ) ; keytag 46441`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20250930000000 20250909000000 20326 . aqj52+DKW6PhTa31l3xyxa0lbMd8T/UyK1sNUC42EY1+cSp0hSC0VlW82RsWYU5G5NmewrInT/Sx glWFlFz94yVqiKAK7ZNQr94nRbA7okrrlfnloiBi3cQ1IvEUgvNcmlZMLTeA6rINvdcBwS7ljMOH m0vQDce9IOxhQT7iAu23oiNORw5nWG/npNkYRFDD4yQvD3HsNeXFTuyDuc57ZEjs/pnIG5nkcqx7 tp/ba3XbOGllDr/V/0ubak7OeWum1eckIljqUsx5BnfBfIA7rJ2JJBIT7JMJ/O/cflTKoJFHQoKG TVYrNVBq9vsnZ01Q4ss688IvI8vO3zkP6LQLEA== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=53148 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=46441 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to g.root-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 1166 bytes from 192.112.36.4
	;; Response received from [192.112.36.4] 1166 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 23605 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20250928050000 20250915040000 46441 . LK/CUJrX3lnzWI0Ts/osirzYys2XvIN8l/YMKFuDPV6FkKJFQb49QPWGTMOsrdUx8dWxVoAWkF9u bqX0+PdtrdHY6basB3CJEfBdDh/5jYsVaIF7qdjr7dzbi2kE63Ywv5RzdjWkyxTB03YT3LEX9XUP rgmSdfOVuUGztZsnkt7Wk7mHx3bbyHxtT4Epr2LuHwXgHTokHa5KDMZq+qqqbGb86qnzOvlq5uHW 9d7wTcRQPyKRJej2DibfV+ubmDg0C0UZPiH1yaH5b8LCIFMsLrhKkoT1p3s1/YKHj9CUouILoBkH m7VK0/aYz8jnaHpW7uolP//1nbpxC9zvWGdGbA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to l.root-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1162 bytes from 199.7.83.42
	;; Response received from [199.7.83.42] 1162 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 12446 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20250928050000 20250915040000 46441 . LK/CUJrX3lnzWI0Ts/osirzYys2XvIN8l/YMKFuDPV6FkKJFQb49QPWGTMOsrdUx8dWxVoAWkF9u bqX0+PdtrdHY6basB3CJEfBdDh/5jYsVaIF7qdjr7dzbi2kE63Ywv5RzdjWkyxTB03YT3LEX9XUP rgmSdfOVuUGztZsnkt7Wk7mHx3bbyHxtT4Epr2LuHwXgHTokHa5KDMZq+qqqbGb86qnzOvlq5uHW 9d7wTcRQPyKRJej2DibfV+ubmDg0C0UZPiH1yaH5b8LCIFMsLrhKkoT1p3s1/YKHj9CUouILoBkH m7VK0/aYz8jnaHpW7uolP//1nbpxC9zvWGdGbA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone edu

edu

	Checking DS between . and edu
	Query to d.root-servers.net for edu/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 32313 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20250928050000 20250915040000 46441 . LK/CUJrX3lnzWI0Ts/osirzYys2XvIN8l/YMKFuDPV6FkKJFQb49QPWGTMOsrdUx8dWxVoAWkF9u bqX0+PdtrdHY6basB3CJEfBdDh/5jYsVaIF7qdjr7dzbi2kE63Ywv5RzdjWkyxTB03YT3LEX9XUP rgmSdfOVuUGztZsnkt7Wk7mHx3bbyHxtT4Epr2LuHwXgHTokHa5KDMZq+qqqbGb86qnzOvlq5uHW 9d7wTcRQPyKRJej2DibfV+ubmDg0C0UZPiH1yaH5b8LCIFMsLrhKkoT1p3s1/YKHj9CUouILoBkH m7VK0/aYz8jnaHpW7uolP//1nbpxC9zvWGdGbA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for edu in the . zone
	DS=35663/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20250928050000 20250915040000 46441 . LK/CUJrX3lnzWI0Ts/osirzYys2XvIN8l/YMKFuDPV6FkKJFQb49QPWGTMOsrdUx8dWxVoAWkF9u bqX0+PdtrdHY6basB3CJEfBdDh/5jYsVaIF7qdjr7dzbi2kE63Ywv5RzdjWkyxTB03YT3LEX9XUP rgmSdfOVuUGztZsnkt7Wk7mHx3bbyHxtT4Epr2LuHwXgHTokHa5KDMZq+qqqbGb86qnzOvlq5uHW 9d7wTcRQPyKRJej2DibfV+ubmDg0C0UZPiH1yaH5b8LCIFMsLrhKkoT1p3s1/YKHj9CUouILoBkH m7VK0/aYz8jnaHpW7uolP//1nbpxC9zvWGdGbA== )`
	RRSIG=46441 and DNSKEY=46441 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=35663/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d )`
	Query to e.edu-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 192.12.94.30
	;; Response received from [192.12.94.30] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 32498 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 nXtimrDq6JI6jij2/mBpeUCFpuZZAaK88zny6YWQzr5I96nfBijS1IT2z7bKXmo8lV3V14RekvQB adBVHJKbJw== ) ; keytag 59321 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663 edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20250922151114 20250907150614 35663 edu. NOLCVm3Mi9HBvs0ILPYtCoOa8wemUuCCGJWQm/GE7OULdooZWCqkCBXNoVbF/ApZefpnnVkm5+BQ wbgF2DsMwg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for edu
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 nXtimrDq6JI6jij2/mBpeUCFpuZZAaK88zny6YWQzr5I96nfBijS1IT2z7bKXmo8lV3V14RekvQB adBVHJKbJw== ) ; keytag 59321`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663`
	DNSKEY=35663/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=35663/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=35663/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20250922151114 20250907150614 35663 edu. NOLCVm3Mi9HBvs0ILPYtCoOa8wemUuCCGJWQm/GE7OULdooZWCqkCBXNoVbF/ApZefpnnVkm5+BQ wbgF2DsMwg== )`
	RRSIG=35663 and DNSKEY=35663/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=59321 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to a.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 459 bytes from 192.5.6.30
	;; Response received from [192.5.6.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 29266 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250922025649 20250915014649 59321 edu. PlGVGtvjoaqKH7IWB7kpIU8x1vHycomSPpd7FFXR4Jsu67IblgQvzv/y1Ix5QS4Jy8vDC52chek0 //odgxsZzQ== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250920025547 20250913014547 59321 edu. 17ND0sUd8ZKgYYwR2YGbx36t8jf6XqmQwA1BdSJrjQ3LLSRCQIKmB6Q83ZulsWPhtQYtpKwPSs4v LtU6VcLSyw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to e.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 459 bytes from 192.12.94.30
	;; Response received from [192.12.94.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 1583 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250922025649 20250915014649 59321 edu. PlGVGtvjoaqKH7IWB7kpIU8x1vHycomSPpd7FFXR4Jsu67IblgQvzv/y1Ix5QS4Jy8vDC52chek0 //odgxsZzQ== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250920025547 20250913014547 59321 edu. 17ND0sUd8ZKgYYwR2YGbx36t8jf6XqmQwA1BdSJrjQ3LLSRCQIKmB6Q83ZulsWPhtQYtpKwPSs4v LtU6VcLSyw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usc.edu

usc.edu

	Checking DS between edu and usc.edu
	Query to e.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DS
	Received 567 bytes from 192.12.94.30
	;; Response received from [192.12.94.30] 567 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 51501 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250922025649 20250915014649 59321 edu. PlGVGtvjoaqKH7IWB7kpIU8x1vHycomSPpd7FFXR4Jsu67IblgQvzv/y1Ix5QS4Jy8vDC52chek0 //odgxsZzQ== ) edu. 900 IN SOA ( a.edu-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 1757958685 ;serial 1800 ;refresh 900 ;retry 604800 ;expire 900 ;minimum ) edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 1 900 20250922175125 20250915164125 59321 edu. 0jJxE5cSk3uzSKUfYNiqHuyoPMyaRPpsAEIvIJMXGsQM156s5yrSdnDrCd0JDJQ3yg6+8ltprH3d LsWhlVAP0A== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20250920025547 20250913014547 59321 edu. 17ND0sUd8ZKgYYwR2YGbx36t8jf6XqmQwA1BdSJrjQ3LLSRCQIKmB6Q83ZulsWPhtQYtpKwPSs4v LtU6VcLSyw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	No DS records found for usc.edu in the edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 299 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 299 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 50963 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20251104202046 20250904202046 2371 usc.edu. X74jx3dlHpe3pZVEoIb/nyNj8P8RIdQq6n5gq0cOTmYWFm3g035xB+jdbdRKq2cYMqxpiGzc7Tef 6WKVcTnEGg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for usc.edu
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20251104202046 20250904202046 2371 usc.edu. X74jx3dlHpe3pZVEoIb/nyNj8P8RIdQq6n5gq0cOTmYWFm3g035xB+jdbdRKq2cYMqxpiGzc7Tef 6WKVcTnEGg== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 54033 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. 4ThcWzqTbbNWnF0NFQcjjJ80OPveaJtfabU0q7kDJLTMirrhpTfXg+gYrVgfOZq2ozp5Fj5ubEc0 cMKvMby0iw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/SOA
	Received 211 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 211 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 46140 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN SOA ( ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. root.usc.edu. 703877406 ;serial 3600 ;refresh 1800 ;retry 360000 ;expire 3600 ;minimum ) usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 3600 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. i/t2xx6EnEnCSWoJgS9STi2kl07CL0xghcp9v+t/xnK45dO68EPmKLdMLY9HK1SSGw9vBwyDWmvH oaA6AvoGVg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 54999 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. vrcQv3hO2JHTqtIQZoAP2zl9QwaKude551jmExBbmjvPY/XSkDOt38tbW1/KZ4toy7PVrV/b6Msa B9cZ2KPhWg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. vrcQv3hO2JHTqtIQZoAP2zl9QwaKude551jmExBbmjvPY/XSkDOt38tbW1/KZ4toy7PVrV/b6Msa B9cZ2KPhWg== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

usc.edu

	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 65501 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. VAczS19THIwRiciaL9E6ZD0LhtDuCOvDoLzZ+wecXCcnS7Ps9SMEcjFYgm4CGOXQSrBAxX3VbYfD Ya7UZmIWHA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 61950 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. Guh/n5+vSTVl4ST4fUX5MarQxEqFczKL0kxNmZrwlBEBtDjuj17eVwKT5jIvImRmj8r2fS6U/X3j lZ30bQJDMQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20250916185154 20250914165154 34505 usc.edu. Guh/n5+vSTVl4ST4fUX5MarQxEqFczKL0kxNmZrwlBEBtDjuj17eVwKT5jIvImRmj8r2fS6U/X3j lZ30bQJDMQ== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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