DNSSEC Debugger

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Time: 2026-09-13 00:13:38 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usc.edu

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to i.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1139 bytes from 192.36.148.17
	;; Response received from [192.36.148.17] 1139 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 27691 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260930000000 20260909000000 20326 . oYSvB9Md+++cwEvRgKH+7O3u5mSWT8tgQ6zxO+A22wU/xfavUVWD6q0A4Tpr1ez840UhnuYEZll3 AoYA+Gv06zGip99UY71evaZ/cSG04Ipz2t6erwiKMbMVQDf4Cx25g28PTJjGuFG62BQxN9GOF8aT F+4KgY3/6kAoLiGVtALiW9d+Pa5LvbLicTif3qvus0u6c63BJ22rK8RXEKaXFD93TlyLprBR80Zv 4smHeqO5hVuVtwxq7/daXiv8laEVQfs9Joq/yjPxz7vaFbaJn00/LgpbpLG6r+y2GteVTLrtvT3v FrxfNH9b9NeYogbF7eUFujmm9TukkkjVxp5tKg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260930000000 20260909000000 20326 . oYSvB9Md+++cwEvRgKH+7O3u5mSWT8tgQ6zxO+A22wU/xfavUVWD6q0A4Tpr1ez840UhnuYEZll3 AoYA+Gv06zGip99UY71evaZ/cSG04Ipz2t6erwiKMbMVQDf4Cx25g28PTJjGuFG62BQxN9GOF8aT F+4KgY3/6kAoLiGVtALiW9d+Pa5LvbLicTif3qvus0u6c63BJ22rK8RXEKaXFD93TlyLprBR80Zv 4smHeqO5hVuVtwxq7/daXiv8laEVQfs9Joq/yjPxz7vaFbaJn00/LgpbpLG6r+y2GteVTLrtvT3v FrxfNH9b9NeYogbF7eUFujmm9TukkkjVxp5tKg== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=57780 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to b.root-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 1166 bytes from 170.247.170.2
	;; Response received from [170.247.170.2] 1166 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 19767 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260925170000 20260912160000 57780 . lYxXHfsYYciRQBPXp4nLNmZOuVFU1avncgNugb0dTMP//Iz4jHIJUUbXH4Oq8ZKzeKvYKAYSqy2e dL0aTlbtHHwvU9OwqYdPz8NTltys8jnPUi12HdIYYtThaiNWR/SeagCeZRdz8WrF3HME4rBjyIGT wa5SrxdQa8qRTf0vBesIEWEnqcA1QkB16hkOYSLECx6PftVE5c6HYEXQH442Ik8qEqd2yugTnGWX Kc43yTWGSbOUUlOzguIqldnT+/Pyd2LqkBK781rCClfJ90qROYMIkLhKr314IXyKOH3aRn5/4y5K p4XoTlnr8ElLLakMeEZVnjrnY6h4CxLtF4aXNA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to d.root-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1162 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 1162 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 60429 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260925170000 20260912160000 57780 . lYxXHfsYYciRQBPXp4nLNmZOuVFU1avncgNugb0dTMP//Iz4jHIJUUbXH4Oq8ZKzeKvYKAYSqy2e dL0aTlbtHHwvU9OwqYdPz8NTltys8jnPUi12HdIYYtThaiNWR/SeagCeZRdz8WrF3HME4rBjyIGT wa5SrxdQa8qRTf0vBesIEWEnqcA1QkB16hkOYSLECx6PftVE5c6HYEXQH442Ik8qEqd2yugTnGWX Kc43yTWGSbOUUlOzguIqldnT+/Pyd2LqkBK781rCClfJ90qROYMIkLhKr314IXyKOH3aRn5/4y5K p4XoTlnr8ElLLakMeEZVnjrnY6h4CxLtF4aXNA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone edu

edu

	Checking DS between . and edu
	Query to d.root-servers.net for edu/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 16701 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260925170000 20260912160000 57780 . lYxXHfsYYciRQBPXp4nLNmZOuVFU1avncgNugb0dTMP//Iz4jHIJUUbXH4Oq8ZKzeKvYKAYSqy2e dL0aTlbtHHwvU9OwqYdPz8NTltys8jnPUi12HdIYYtThaiNWR/SeagCeZRdz8WrF3HME4rBjyIGT wa5SrxdQa8qRTf0vBesIEWEnqcA1QkB16hkOYSLECx6PftVE5c6HYEXQH442Ik8qEqd2yugTnGWX Kc43yTWGSbOUUlOzguIqldnT+/Pyd2LqkBK781rCClfJ90qROYMIkLhKr314IXyKOH3aRn5/4y5K p4XoTlnr8ElLLakMeEZVnjrnY6h4CxLtF4aXNA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for edu in the . zone
	DS=35663/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260925170000 20260912160000 57780 . lYxXHfsYYciRQBPXp4nLNmZOuVFU1avncgNugb0dTMP//Iz4jHIJUUbXH4Oq8ZKzeKvYKAYSqy2e dL0aTlbtHHwvU9OwqYdPz8NTltys8jnPUi12HdIYYtThaiNWR/SeagCeZRdz8WrF3HME4rBjyIGT wa5SrxdQa8qRTf0vBesIEWEnqcA1QkB16hkOYSLECx6PftVE5c6HYEXQH442Ik8qEqd2yugTnGWX Kc43yTWGSbOUUlOzguIqldnT+/Pyd2LqkBK781rCClfJ90qROYMIkLhKr314IXyKOH3aRn5/4y5K p4XoTlnr8ElLLakMeEZVnjrnY6h4CxLtF4aXNA== )`
	RRSIG=57780 and DNSKEY=57780 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=35663/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d )`
	Query to j.edu-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 192.48.79.30
	;; Response received from [192.48.79.30] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 50201 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 /wryn57986cSrM6e2SVDL1jtnHPoPqjPRw0z/jlp5BJ6PNc5Jt0Y/Jw3eWBbu6ZJCry4ooX5uE6U 1swz4VmIRA== ) ; keytag 6705 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663 edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260927151114 20260912150614 35663 edu. 6F1ZUDg7r1PtHrCQykYINMI8SGc3ve71aj269hx8b5upYcAnoJNAGGLXWah8/dD0bno5JQUYAI4l +iTu9V2eFA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for edu
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 /wryn57986cSrM6e2SVDL1jtnHPoPqjPRw0z/jlp5BJ6PNc5Jt0Y/Jw3eWBbu6ZJCry4ooX5uE6U 1swz4VmIRA== ) ; keytag 6705`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663`
	DNSKEY=35663/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=35663/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=35663/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260927151114 20260912150614 35663 edu. 6F1ZUDg7r1PtHrCQykYINMI8SGc3ve71aj269hx8b5upYcAnoJNAGGLXWah8/dD0bno5JQUYAI4l +iTu9V2eFA== )`
	RRSIG=35663 and DNSKEY=35663/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=6705 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to m.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 459 bytes from 192.55.83.30
	;; Response received from [192.55.83.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 48301 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260917034013 20260910023013 6705 edu. Xv/IQqNe11ghoL8jP+6v3/+IgUNuJ9cchmSS2mfv49XEuHxS02MClDF/1QD6QE01grOUC74Ei4gY kRBMUUv1OQ== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260919033820 20260912022820 6705 edu. tNR1noLWuXh9WiYMZ50V9jE+/ki7oLd02BLSBH0VCRL/UIquL/61DEI1uNLeUKvMP7Sinxndo0bs 4tR9TdRIrw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to k.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 459 bytes from 192.52.178.30
	;; Response received from [192.52.178.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 13090 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260917034013 20260910023013 6705 edu. Xv/IQqNe11ghoL8jP+6v3/+IgUNuJ9cchmSS2mfv49XEuHxS02MClDF/1QD6QE01grOUC74Ei4gY kRBMUUv1OQ== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260919033820 20260912022820 6705 edu. tNR1noLWuXh9WiYMZ50V9jE+/ki7oLd02BLSBH0VCRL/UIquL/61DEI1uNLeUKvMP7Sinxndo0bs 4tR9TdRIrw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usc.edu

usc.edu

	Checking DS between edu and usc.edu
	Query to h.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DS
	Received 567 bytes from 192.54.112.30
	;; Response received from [192.54.112.30] 567 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 13931 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260917034013 20260910023013 6705 edu. Xv/IQqNe11ghoL8jP+6v3/+IgUNuJ9cchmSS2mfv49XEuHxS02MClDF/1QD6QE01grOUC74Ei4gY kRBMUUv1OQ== ) edu. 900 IN SOA ( a.edu-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 1789258398 ;serial 1800 ;refresh 900 ;retry 604800 ;expire 900 ;minimum ) edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 1 900 20260920001318 20260912230318 6705 edu. hBfudZUCwQUu0gvVxsOVsUBmsGvSjTAqs4/TCuYMhvDzR4Z4e6A7ecNbvI9gGsxpPZg+8D2vz2F7 ewvLjwjw9w== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20260919033820 20260912022820 6705 edu. tNR1noLWuXh9WiYMZ50V9jE+/ki7oLd02BLSBH0VCRL/UIquL/61DEI1uNLeUKvMP7Sinxndo0bs 4tR9TdRIrw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	No DS records found for usc.edu in the edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 299 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 299 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 56876 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20261030202114 20260830202114 2371 usc.edu. 8f9aTAGCdSxb57U0CZcKpFe7e0Gk/6USXw0kKOETsToDna/YzwhecJKsZd6ObSK1TCxbNnoGIOA4 FZ7gfLERRw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for usc.edu
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20261030202114 20260830202114 2371 usc.edu. 8f9aTAGCdSxb57U0CZcKpFe7e0Gk/6USXw0kKOETsToDna/YzwhecJKsZd6ObSK1TCxbNnoGIOA4 FZ7gfLERRw== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 665 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20260914011338 20260911231338 34505 usc.edu. jtbxkaODUgvKkpw5HNyFqOAejWV6HumChHKDK4NeBXmYeoHubC1Vgk5vhkoKrmxkBfbklDbr80XT ygtBSB6Wdw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/SOA
	Received 211 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 211 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 50963 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN SOA ( ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. root.usc.edu. 703877988 ;serial 3600 ;refresh 1800 ;retry 360000 ;expire 3600 ;minimum ) usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 3600 20260914011338 20260911231338 34505 usc.edu. SVljL8rulVtLeT2iw+ddM50NgxYXlHQFk+Xx+eXu0yGXxTBBWUHVBv9cYgle3za9jjIcIKTu8DFA ugXgO/X5zw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20260914011338 20260911231338 34505 usc.edu. jtbxkaODUgvKkpw5HNyFqOAejWV6HumChHKDK4NeBXmYeoHubC1Vgk5vhkoKrmxkBfbklDbr80XT ygtBSB6Wdw== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

usc.edu

	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 34526 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20260914011338 20260911231338 34505 usc.edu. JzUf/psV3DWvr5rLaNVtoFwpF+Ixrb4eHpr+p3FTLEYgttLC6s8RzixsITZWYu2xXcf6/0mjTfRU CXWFKwXHrw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20260914011338 20260911231338 34505 usc.edu. JzUf/psV3DWvr5rLaNVtoFwpF+Ixrb4eHpr+p3FTLEYgttLC6s8RzixsITZWYu2xXcf6/0mjTfRU CXWFKwXHrw== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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