DNSSEC Debugger

Domain Name:

Time: 2025-10-16 08:47:19 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usc.edu

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	Query to i.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1141 bytes from 192.36.148.17
	;; Response received from [192.36.148.17] 1141 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 16281 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeuS7hMRZ7muj1c/ew2DoavxkBw3jUG5R79pKVDI39fxvlD1HfJYGJERnXuV4SrQfUPzWw/l t5Axb0EqXL/sQ2ZyntVmwQwoSXi2l9smlIKh2UrkTmmozRCPe7GS4fZTE4Ew7AV4YprTLgVmxiGP 4unRuXkYOgQJXCIBpVCmEdUli6X2sm0i5ZilU/Q+rX3RDw+eYPP7K0cJnJ+ZnvQDy14+BFtreWl9 enNQljgGpBp26lEp1z7AbvUfzkQNVCVGaM8jEaCSALXiROlwCQMOdj+tpLXFf99kdJnTQw2cpEr1 uGs/yENAJpoGhbjZAoIkXzDUBSlfFeYz7FWzH6gIe7M= ) ; keytag 61809 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20251101000000 20251011000000 20326 . HBzw8cFD6K0/BBO1rLi2ifcFatkMvobiLzZgaMOb9hMqRuMKM0jVSVif5LpAb0OOTQOcSzZMOF17 Ps7BkxWqTGOAQQH5wrS0aLJ/Hn4UAIC/ZK+JbeGo9c1ZhcA8LUyvv32ACT0in2oY7RyTG1+MLpUo rMdUNUII2PAaYuU+Svu8/1HJhuONGl9IqokaWK6yFCm9rz+azS04kq2GPMGHXqJVX7jbZO4tq4fg VKYvW5wJpRM9VE4VOGmHzQUe0OJsDGViys65RNtzzR8MefC9jZGGKO8s8G0n24VmT9Kg2/4y4Qen knUytutLNIMFFmiUsJjx8gcakkkiIvwGed+/cg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeuS7hMRZ7muj1c/ew2DoavxkBw3jUG5R79pKVDI39fxvlD1HfJYGJERnXuV4SrQfUPzWw/l t5Axb0EqXL/sQ2ZyntVmwQwoSXi2l9smlIKh2UrkTmmozRCPe7GS4fZTE4Ew7AV4YprTLgVmxiGP 4unRuXkYOgQJXCIBpVCmEdUli6X2sm0i5ZilU/Q+rX3RDw+eYPP7K0cJnJ+ZnvQDy14+BFtreWl9 enNQljgGpBp26lEp1z7AbvUfzkQNVCVGaM8jEaCSALXiROlwCQMOdj+tpLXFf99kdJnTQw2cpEr1 uGs/yENAJpoGhbjZAoIkXzDUBSlfFeYz7FWzH6gIe7M= ) ; keytag 61809`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20251101000000 20251011000000 20326 . HBzw8cFD6K0/BBO1rLi2ifcFatkMvobiLzZgaMOb9hMqRuMKM0jVSVif5LpAb0OOTQOcSzZMOF17 Ps7BkxWqTGOAQQH5wrS0aLJ/Hn4UAIC/ZK+JbeGo9c1ZhcA8LUyvv32ACT0in2oY7RyTG1+MLpUo rMdUNUII2PAaYuU+Svu8/1HJhuONGl9IqokaWK6yFCm9rz+azS04kq2GPMGHXqJVX7jbZO4tq4fg VKYvW5wJpRM9VE4VOGmHzQUe0OJsDGViys65RNtzzR8MefC9jZGGKO8s8G0n24VmT9Kg2/4y4Qen knUytutLNIMFFmiUsJjx8gcakkkiIvwGed+/cg== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=61809 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to j.root-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 1166 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 1166 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 33216 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251029050000 20251016040000 61809 . JMxwZC7w7lJe/MjEJXf52qLWsrdcnGVzMiK4lhAwiSYBwAxZsAUb33l+jjwW3J0Hrr5lCBJIacVw he15k3LFEPerV3J+e6c/YUenFb72NqWY1aTs6pHx5r1yBwmmROHu3bkXuaeCBT/7iPY/1G4LI+S9 wWKa+3LMn9vMLiC1mXtqQMC5llYOLw0DbUKf1xrhVH2ff7NsK4wwX33rC1xvT42Yp0EAWLGoJq5z ISzqXDQEIYk7t9+dpUGaSieMkJxjFInEGpi2zJiWZs78jqS8C5Rkkn+CfP49Bq2ugFVyuYHc1Q+N ttTY7hXARUkio+T/O2tSdhsHr/GDI2WGIOKDYw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to d.root-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1162 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 1162 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 30882 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251029050000 20251016040000 61809 . JMxwZC7w7lJe/MjEJXf52qLWsrdcnGVzMiK4lhAwiSYBwAxZsAUb33l+jjwW3J0Hrr5lCBJIacVw he15k3LFEPerV3J+e6c/YUenFb72NqWY1aTs6pHx5r1yBwmmROHu3bkXuaeCBT/7iPY/1G4LI+S9 wWKa+3LMn9vMLiC1mXtqQMC5llYOLw0DbUKf1xrhVH2ff7NsK4wwX33rC1xvT42Yp0EAWLGoJq5z ISzqXDQEIYk7t9+dpUGaSieMkJxjFInEGpi2zJiWZs78jqS8C5Rkkn+CfP49Bq2ugFVyuYHc1Q+N ttTY7hXARUkio+T/O2tSdhsHr/GDI2WGIOKDYw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone edu

edu

	Checking DS between . and edu
	Query to j.root-servers.net for edu/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 5643 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251029050000 20251016040000 61809 . JMxwZC7w7lJe/MjEJXf52qLWsrdcnGVzMiK4lhAwiSYBwAxZsAUb33l+jjwW3J0Hrr5lCBJIacVw he15k3LFEPerV3J+e6c/YUenFb72NqWY1aTs6pHx5r1yBwmmROHu3bkXuaeCBT/7iPY/1G4LI+S9 wWKa+3LMn9vMLiC1mXtqQMC5llYOLw0DbUKf1xrhVH2ff7NsK4wwX33rC1xvT42Yp0EAWLGoJq5z ISzqXDQEIYk7t9+dpUGaSieMkJxjFInEGpi2zJiWZs78jqS8C5Rkkn+CfP49Bq2ugFVyuYHc1Q+N ttTY7hXARUkio+T/O2tSdhsHr/GDI2WGIOKDYw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for edu in the . zone
	DS=35663/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251029050000 20251016040000 61809 . JMxwZC7w7lJe/MjEJXf52qLWsrdcnGVzMiK4lhAwiSYBwAxZsAUb33l+jjwW3J0Hrr5lCBJIacVw he15k3LFEPerV3J+e6c/YUenFb72NqWY1aTs6pHx5r1yBwmmROHu3bkXuaeCBT/7iPY/1G4LI+S9 wWKa+3LMn9vMLiC1mXtqQMC5llYOLw0DbUKf1xrhVH2ff7NsK4wwX33rC1xvT42Yp0EAWLGoJq5z ISzqXDQEIYk7t9+dpUGaSieMkJxjFInEGpi2zJiWZs78jqS8C5Rkkn+CfP49Bq2ugFVyuYHc1Q+N ttTY7hXARUkio+T/O2tSdhsHr/GDI2WGIOKDYw== )`
	RRSIG=61809 and DNSKEY=61809 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=35663/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d )`
	Query to c.edu-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 371 bytes from 192.26.92.30
	;; Response received from [192.26.92.30] 371 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 21646 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 z4lwcWrgRUDpdraaCEucEEmkrer/JTr5FtHXCpe1b+wON9Q2f0ytrulcutPgQOuh8YhsdM+cJa1X 5pDSvxeySA== ) ; keytag 35999 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 nXtimrDq6JI6jij2/mBpeUCFpuZZAaK88zny6YWQzr5I96nfBijS1IT2z7bKXmo8lV3V14RekvQB adBVHJKbJw== ) ; keytag 59321 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663 edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20251022151114 20251007150614 35663 edu. JowLGB80JIB5FTjE2EtSE/qRV1pWD2u6eXeil4RxivdsCJQMmMdXwqUxvFKgc5qCX1lbnhb5Kl8g 4HIbVWbJRQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for edu
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 z4lwcWrgRUDpdraaCEucEEmkrer/JTr5FtHXCpe1b+wON9Q2f0ytrulcutPgQOuh8YhsdM+cJa1X 5pDSvxeySA== ) ; keytag 35999`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 nXtimrDq6JI6jij2/mBpeUCFpuZZAaK88zny6YWQzr5I96nfBijS1IT2z7bKXmo8lV3V14RekvQB adBVHJKbJw== ) ; keytag 59321`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663`
	DNSKEY=35663/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=35663/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=35663/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20251022151114 20251007150614 35663 edu. JowLGB80JIB5FTjE2EtSE/qRV1pWD2u6eXeil4RxivdsCJQMmMdXwqUxvFKgc5qCX1lbnhb5Kl8g 4HIbVWbJRQ== )`
	RRSIG=35663 and DNSKEY=35663/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=35999 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=59321 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to b.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/A
	Received 459 bytes from 192.33.14.30
	;; Response received from [192.33.14.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 37065 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251020030154 20251013015154 59321 edu. wcmkn+AuYdzLzSQYCHohT96olYKWsDmhIB8pFdil3lqKOdFFMMX0UNbJXHkSvGy37/iPT/idKUlo /A5PuDzmIA== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251022030122 20251015015122 59321 edu. AQa5KwDbSi0Ef9Ocejkn8UoLqDSlyRfwpsxV+KwYGFPgYPkMgJKF5kWvuaXZIX2/bmKW/4ofAmQe EudxTFm6cg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to a.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 459 bytes from 192.5.6.30
	;; Response received from [192.5.6.30] 459 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 53423 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. usc.edu. 172800 IN NS ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com. 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251020030154 20251013015154 59321 edu. wcmkn+AuYdzLzSQYCHohT96olYKWsDmhIB8pFdil3lqKOdFFMMX0UNbJXHkSvGy37/iPT/idKUlo /A5PuDzmIA== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251022030122 20251015015122 59321 edu. AQa5KwDbSi0Ef9Ocejkn8UoLqDSlyRfwpsxV+KwYGFPgYPkMgJKF5kWvuaXZIX2/bmKW/4ofAmQe EudxTFm6cg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usc.edu

usc.edu

	Checking DS between edu and usc.edu
	Query to e.edu-servers.net for usc.edu/DS
	Received 567 bytes from 192.12.94.30
	;; Response received from [192.12.94.30] 567 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 29330 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 9irjmuel398sejh8crdik2h2k85k5243 NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM ) 9DHS4EP5G85PF9NUFK06HEK0O48QGK77.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251020030154 20251013015154 59321 edu. wcmkn+AuYdzLzSQYCHohT96olYKWsDmhIB8pFdil3lqKOdFFMMX0UNbJXHkSvGy37/iPT/idKUlo /A5PuDzmIA== ) edu. 900 IN SOA ( a.edu-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 1760604414 ;serial 1800 ;refresh 900 ;retry 604800 ;expire 900 ;minimum ) edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 1 900 20251023084654 20251016073654 35999 edu. QAOkDHCFtCtPceJEwmVXIFAq+3/B/8cyCwRHhBMi4KOdzBI+wjfkTWyAq0kHuITd25SKbFfLJnda JrRPCN8dUg== ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN NSEC3 ( 1 1 0 - 4rill75e0iv4h95foske920flo57kj6q NS DS RRSIG ) 4IBM58I92QCLNC6G9LN2I7EFJAFLA8VL.edu. 900 IN RRSIG ( NSEC3 13 2 900 20251022030122 20251015015122 59321 edu. AQa5KwDbSi0Ef9Ocejkn8UoLqDSlyRfwpsxV+KwYGFPgYPkMgJKF5kWvuaXZIX2/bmKW/4ofAmQe EudxTFm6cg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	No DS records found for usc.edu in the edu zone
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 299 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 299 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 27197 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20251128202046 20250928202046 2371 usc.edu. BX8ymthG3qvbCO8kboLaDbR5mCLadDhAYUVDn0abEw/f+u98B81+EJ3b92ceY3nDgVHd/HZZIpnh G3+m2p8ekg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for usc.edu
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20251128202046 20250928202046 2371 usc.edu. BX8ymthG3qvbCO8kboLaDbR5mCLadDhAYUVDn0abEw/f+u98B81+EJ3b92ceY3nDgVHd/HZZIpnh G3+m2p8ekg== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 16465 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. qyqTMOvJ1bxJL4s8rdGZX14vso/OakJazmCx98yUQfyAlyBymn5lKvWIhTdg6I/rtPbxIkxeRdD3 wEEjpxX+rQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/SOA
	Received 211 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 211 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 16612 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 3600 IN SOA ( ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com. root.usc.edu. 703877462 ;serial 3600 ;refresh 1800 ;retry 360000 ;expire 3600 ;minimum ) usc.edu. 3600 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 3600 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. 8hCwInTEx+GoP5JdJOqg7uHzH4WJdybgJabD2uMhptWZS187scLt0TC3YOlJRbk/4t2mYVq56nrc N9M4TY7UrQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ns0163.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.33.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62441 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. zdO7d/pijaI9YdgkZ70UrkDbjSu+jOJVc/KahPkWPDqxReVASn3Qm7jT2Mnys757fUC9jihIMAFx PjZLyfjYCg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. zdO7d/pijaI9YdgkZ70UrkDbjSu+jOJVc/KahPkWPDqxReVASn3Qm7jT2Mnys757fUC9jihIMAFx PjZLyfjYCg== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

usc.edu

	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 40835 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. V5TvLK5R8ik90FAeQ+Cc6xTKKPCWJQcp0zZt9t0z8oWvXsQ7f37BIPG6Z2yu3A6cf9NUZ8OBnJO+ Jyh4q03yXA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usc.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usc.edu zone
	Query to ns0037.secondary.cloudflare.com for usc.edu/A
	Received 155 bytes from 162.159.32.38
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.38] 155 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 10999 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usc.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usc.edu. 10 IN A 23.185.0.3 usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. 8Q6ORB+JBFi61YRGXeolFmJ50BjQdkcLk5ik8oYf13WZfPSbOuzYYhBWPznJ/TgzXPk2gM+fUT3j UVWsAQCo4g== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	usc.edu A RR has value 23.185.0.3
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usc.edu. 10 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 10 20251017094720 20251015074720 34505 usc.edu. 8Q6ORB+JBFi61YRGXeolFmJ50BjQdkcLk5ik8oYf13WZfPSbOuzYYhBWPznJ/TgzXPk2gM+fUT3j UVWsAQCo4g== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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DNSSEC Debugger

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