DNSSEC Debugger - usgs.gov

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Time: 2026-09-26 15:37:53 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usgs.gov

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to d.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1414 bytes from 199.7.91.13
	;; Response received from [199.7.91.13] 1414 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 11219 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 5 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1450, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (5 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcorNxNc9t0ue1ZenPjVMRujlQ2YLBJ0pR/4XMjHby9vr03cRxFSKnWpxeg5PL384D9VeqdS 1bjrGyTsHtoagzI3NiXFd8sjHMOnZxu5pp/+UBIg7tasYgVMMdUiM1Yu/c+t30d1Qw/v6NYLNnOn ywTu6HuUh7Y1sZRq/GZcrxLENXHQoyKpOrOr8R3+qd6wK69IKB80ZBZtkX9rdEqKJk+yYXjEZzZ0 zkAFthmNgCreAoU9PVlU66dyOsaLjf3wKUlUm9SNOKs+tK6LuSmRbK6+1T/tPaRaMBSEuv2G6vXf nJ1uyMbGvtpRn/YDcvTjrp6DzE6XyF44QdwJ3oKx4ek= ) ; keytag 8763 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20261010000000 20260919000000 20326 . SeT2U+BKi7S4R7OPnQ0EBjS6DtsNPasISEAE3iOUQWl552IWiqHLBYkZOa5au73wjV5oH9vQleMB gtIQleByqX74kORDKMmx+EIhhDmiNOf9w33OqM4+s0Etem28QjqQ9e4QgsKI6N39HDMedL31iybJ n6ghPcDT73IyzgTs6mtyV+Lpu1ZqH1yXNNB34YsEzgquGDKU7QkAlQMupqKlZOhJC2pj4724Fzjr MXq68MYAitHMmfnrm2/iqP8i0jIrIQgIl4mVOO4VxMZEsQa+ESJWEBQJ3Fu3jLRII/xIEq1qXb8F 87yhBvKhzuyLfQGaKttdkN9oudecqKuNezNp0g== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 4 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcorNxNc9t0ue1ZenPjVMRujlQ2YLBJ0pR/4XMjHby9vr03cRxFSKnWpxeg5PL384D9VeqdS 1bjrGyTsHtoagzI3NiXFd8sjHMOnZxu5pp/+UBIg7tasYgVMMdUiM1Yu/c+t30d1Qw/v6NYLNnOn ywTu6HuUh7Y1sZRq/GZcrxLENXHQoyKpOrOr8R3+qd6wK69IKB80ZBZtkX9rdEqKJk+yYXjEZzZ0 zkAFthmNgCreAoU9PVlU66dyOsaLjf3wKUlUm9SNOKs+tK6LuSmRbK6+1T/tPaRaMBSEuv2G6vXf nJ1uyMbGvtpRn/YDcvTjrp6DzE6XyF44QdwJ3oKx4ek= ) ; keytag 8763`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20261010000000 20260919000000 20326 . SeT2U+BKi7S4R7OPnQ0EBjS6DtsNPasISEAE3iOUQWl552IWiqHLBYkZOa5au73wjV5oH9vQleMB gtIQleByqX74kORDKMmx+EIhhDmiNOf9w33OqM4+s0Etem28QjqQ9e4QgsKI6N39HDMedL31iybJ n6ghPcDT73IyzgTs6mtyV+Lpu1ZqH1yXNNB34YsEzgquGDKU7QkAlQMupqKlZOhJC2pj4724Fzjr MXq68MYAitHMmfnrm2/iqP8i0jIrIQgIl4mVOO4VxMZEsQa+ESJWEBQJ3Fu3jLRII/xIEq1qXb8F 87yhBvKhzuyLfQGaKttdkN9oudecqKuNezNp0g== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=57780 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=8763 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to j.root-servers.net for usgs.gov/A
	Received 615 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 615 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 21502 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261009050000 20260926040000 57780 . kZ5DkgFc2QfdG/hInbwSstoAbrvDGdxP+o6S6KjZEFCfzkoWjs5rbQC+YXNZFijlUkYhFzgCjAhu Qc0eoidyp3NBuIxy1lzTLFI6Ue9LYeCLeGJRXG2L3+elEbWav680SP67U/vF7xGnEUWumTFBBhWT i1l55r6dcYZSpkTe5xmZ917BX4YRZ1086uU57bH4Iar68NeBzp//6sNGGmkRQb87f9D3nHt54pff wmFoGeFUGqiUBrRaAy9PwGOoexy9dhKSiPs4kCx33PeDmmdIJTjeTAYsma7kXiUqdy2pPVzgnVYA W4EnIZzYwGryQk38Jdv05s6k43e6jLK6n+hIZw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to k.root-servers.net for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 610 bytes from 193.0.14.129
	;; Response received from [193.0.14.129] 610 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 43743 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261009050000 20260926040000 57780 . kZ5DkgFc2QfdG/hInbwSstoAbrvDGdxP+o6S6KjZEFCfzkoWjs5rbQC+YXNZFijlUkYhFzgCjAhu Qc0eoidyp3NBuIxy1lzTLFI6Ue9LYeCLeGJRXG2L3+elEbWav680SP67U/vF7xGnEUWumTFBBhWT i1l55r6dcYZSpkTe5xmZ917BX4YRZ1086uU57bH4Iar68NeBzp//6sNGGmkRQb87f9D3nHt54pff wmFoGeFUGqiUBrRaAy9PwGOoexy9dhKSiPs4kCx33PeDmmdIJTjeTAYsma7kXiUqdy2pPVzgnVYA W4EnIZzYwGryQk38Jdv05s6k43e6jLK6n+hIZw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone gov

gov

	Checking DS between . and gov
	Query to c.root-servers.net for gov/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 192.33.4.12
	;; Response received from [192.33.4.12] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 2980 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261009050000 20260926040000 57780 . kZ5DkgFc2QfdG/hInbwSstoAbrvDGdxP+o6S6KjZEFCfzkoWjs5rbQC+YXNZFijlUkYhFzgCjAhu Qc0eoidyp3NBuIxy1lzTLFI6Ue9LYeCLeGJRXG2L3+elEbWav680SP67U/vF7xGnEUWumTFBBhWT i1l55r6dcYZSpkTe5xmZ917BX4YRZ1086uU57bH4Iar68NeBzp//6sNGGmkRQb87f9D3nHt54pff wmFoGeFUGqiUBrRaAy9PwGOoexy9dhKSiPs4kCx33PeDmmdIJTjeTAYsma7kXiUqdy2pPVzgnVYA W4EnIZzYwGryQk38Jdv05s6k43e6jLK6n+hIZw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for gov in the . zone
	DS=2536/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261009050000 20260926040000 57780 . kZ5DkgFc2QfdG/hInbwSstoAbrvDGdxP+o6S6KjZEFCfzkoWjs5rbQC+YXNZFijlUkYhFzgCjAhu Qc0eoidyp3NBuIxy1lzTLFI6Ue9LYeCLeGJRXG2L3+elEbWav680SP67U/vF7xGnEUWumTFBBhWT i1l55r6dcYZSpkTe5xmZ917BX4YRZ1086uU57bH4Iar68NeBzp//6sNGGmkRQb87f9D3nHt54pff wmFoGeFUGqiUBrRaAy9PwGOoexy9dhKSiPs4kCx33PeDmmdIJTjeTAYsma7kXiUqdy2pPVzgnVYA W4EnIZzYwGryQk38Jdv05s6k43e6jLK6n+hIZw== )`
	RRSIG=57780 and DNSKEY=57780 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2536/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 )`
	Query to a.ns.gov for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 45888 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536 gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496 gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20261120110642 20260920110642 2536 gov. cfy+HEpjo649lgn0nmaZm2dw0PRBEIyKW7LtCSFSDTfc5dt/MTrQAxq5b6QAG5LqJnvI9gWiBeUg ios+M1nt8g== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for gov
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536`
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496`
	DNSKEY=2536/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2536/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2536/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20261120110642 20260920110642 2536 gov. cfy+HEpjo649lgn0nmaZm2dw0PRBEIyKW7LtCSFSDTfc5dt/MTrQAxq5b6QAG5LqJnvI9gWiBeUg ios+M1nt8g== )`
	RRSIG=2536 and DNSKEY=2536/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=35496 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to a.ns.gov for usgs.gov/A
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 25740 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260927163753 20260925143753 35496 gov. iqabgI3HySbLPuFzVfEYGLM6ZVdDyEsucwH2J0rcEljLqzUTpQDZoiT14bZoGquza9FdPtrfvksl 6/Nlomq/zw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to a.ns.gov for usgs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 34454 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260927163753 20260925143753 35496 gov. 4W4H7i7h/+azarPSRtSj/UPYQRL678vhawaXXHTgyjj1ljDQrAyFh6Pq3J2kM0ggFbMCZxjC352f ZUwNkrE/sw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usgs.gov

usgs.gov

	Checking DS between gov and usgs.gov
	Query to a.ns.gov for usgs.gov/DS
	Received 184 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 184 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 23018 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260927163753 20260925143753 35496 gov. rYyevOTpqAGu2vDos3206dxpfywcRBocrhtUBCP+Dq3EmJ9ieA6iyEjKR0rTHC+Q6awB15cwS0Tk ifEXlX4FOg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for usgs.gov in the gov zone
	DS=2371/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260927163753 20260925143753 35496 gov. rYyevOTpqAGu2vDos3206dxpfywcRBocrhtUBCP+Dq3EmJ9ieA6iyEjKR0rTHC+Q6awB15cwS0Tk ifEXlX4FOg== )`
	RRSIG=35496 and DNSKEY=35496 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2371/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 )`
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 301 bytes from 172.64.33.225
	;; Response received from [172.64.33.225] 301 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 42646 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20261119033802 20260919033802 2371 usgs.gov. x4tBT8NHaF9BAqbEGTfOGomz/cACXTGWJhecQFGCy2Y5SngrREXzj8YMEL5QXeZ08krh0iCveUA7 fx2bae9oIA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for usgs.gov
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	DNSKEY=2371/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2371/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2371/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20261119033802 20260919033802 2371 usgs.gov. x4tBT8NHaF9BAqbEGTfOGomz/cACXTGWJhecQFGCy2Y5SngrREXzj8YMEL5QXeZ08krh0iCveUA7 fx2bae9oIA== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=34505 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Received 345 bytes from 108.162.192.84
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.84] 345 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 33602 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 1800 IN SOA ( chin.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2415765454 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN NSEC ( \000.usgs.gov. NS SOA PTR HINFO MX TXT AAAA LOC SRV NAPTR CERT SSHFP RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY TLSA SMIMEA HIP CDS CDNSKEY OPENPGPKEY SVCB HTTPS URI CAA ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. NYqjfXgqhMU++PDZbJlgYsg+rF1Vli5kTd5zyeIcKhmMjY76O9ucsg/Ob3PiWDXojnJzmMr/8o10 7y4W/Rf2FA== ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. 7JBQ8M91lR8jXmBpE8+kcw6VzJPWL87YKwFncEWg8g4cSTHsJE+bBf7rRFjLcsN0f8PFtVF9jdEx oCkPjslNug== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	chin.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usgs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/SOA
	Received 203 bytes from 108.162.193.225
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.225] 203 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62359 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 1800 IN SOA ( chin.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2415765454 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. KLAYOI3oFDg8X9NH1e8hNxnLEIQs83y+LndVKnol8i6CGwsaAWaEQifCBLHM2kBk5DCDadQ+H4Fz PCztlDRo7Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Checking NSEC records for a NODATA response
	Found 1 RRSIGs over NSEC RRset
	`usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. 7JBQ8M91lR8jXmBpE8+kcw6VzJPWL87YKwFncEWg8g4cSTHsJE+bBf7rRFjLcsN0f8PFtVF9jdEx oCkPjslNug== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the NSEC RRset
	NSEC proves no records of type A exist for usgs.gov
	Found 1 RRSIGs over SOA RRset
	`usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. NYqjfXgqhMU++PDZbJlgYsg+rF1Vli5kTd5zyeIcKhmMjY76O9ucsg/Ob3PiWDXojnJzmMr/8o10 7y4W/Rf2FA== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the SOA RRset

usgs.gov

	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Received 345 bytes from 172.64.33.225
	;; Response received from [172.64.33.225] 345 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 60963 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 1800 IN SOA ( chin.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2415765454 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN NSEC ( \000.usgs.gov. NS SOA PTR HINFO MX TXT AAAA LOC SRV NAPTR CERT SSHFP RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY TLSA SMIMEA HIP CDS CDNSKEY OPENPGPKEY SVCB HTTPS URI CAA ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. u0UHlpFm7NHM61U6gEribtcLmj2kgVIwfp9ncnrrW/ree0eLcdQOBsy3jNCn85c8ckjsEzehnMsp oYGYwhNaGw== ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. 93jxB61517Uu0tmtSr8u5k6vTM3vsOIVSsLvR9QeaOw43D8BL7uLi/mudfPnZpjply2pqOWzVWUY 61TK8PV1bg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ram.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usgs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Checking NSEC records for a NODATA response
	Found 1 RRSIGs over NSEC RRset
	`usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. 93jxB61517Uu0tmtSr8u5k6vTM3vsOIVSsLvR9QeaOw43D8BL7uLi/mudfPnZpjply2pqOWzVWUY 61TK8PV1bg== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the NSEC RRset
	NSEC proves no records of type A exist for usgs.gov
	Found 1 RRSIGs over SOA RRset
	`usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260927163753 20260925143753 34505 usgs.gov. u0UHlpFm7NHM61U6gEribtcLmj2kgVIwfp9ncnrrW/ree0eLcdQOBsy3jNCn85c8ckjsEzehnMsp oYGYwhNaGw== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the SOA RRset

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