DNSSEC Debugger - usgs.gov

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Time: 2026-04-17 09:10:09 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usgs.gov

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to g.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1141 bytes from 192.112.36.4
	;; Response received from [192.112.36.4] 1141 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 56797 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260502000000 20260411000000 20326 . ldfPZ7Q9Ca8GfxnsJcPAMMy9Dt1qfL2guvByLtN9kRcMMn8g3ukazjrv5Bj/KOLEXV++Zp8g8UpL /80NUKP4ZA1Yq3gmEE2hyEG7M964fUrTaB9w9leATi8UK176zklnB7trP81yL6TIZmaCImUMWVkU n8uGeIJUaVz2XpboM5PGo2gEQH2mVAavFammRoDbj4gnMJvXgOMIZtLIIGcOaxuY5sFQo1MDQnoQ OYMAHVqdUu4Ld+Jq29ktutAXUK6hobUBss0me2y+xlu3fmZ5JiKSJOPDiBQBqjUAhueBKEZpamt/ gr8NtHLe0QLKs2h3XhsGNHE7Ksr3WwiCCFHP0A== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260502000000 20260411000000 20326 . ldfPZ7Q9Ca8GfxnsJcPAMMy9Dt1qfL2guvByLtN9kRcMMn8g3ukazjrv5Bj/KOLEXV++Zp8g8UpL /80NUKP4ZA1Yq3gmEE2hyEG7M964fUrTaB9w9leATi8UK176zklnB7trP81yL6TIZmaCImUMWVkU n8uGeIJUaVz2XpboM5PGo2gEQH2mVAavFammRoDbj4gnMJvXgOMIZtLIIGcOaxuY5sFQo1MDQnoQ OYMAHVqdUu4Ld+Jq29ktutAXUK6hobUBss0me2y+xlu3fmZ5JiKSJOPDiBQBqjUAhueBKEZpamt/ gr8NtHLe0QLKs2h3XhsGNHE7Ksr3WwiCCFHP0A== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=54393 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to j.root-servers.net for usgs.gov/A
	Received 615 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 615 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 52953 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260430050000 20260417040000 54393 . njftKBi/siYeyqj8qinHcA8BR5KW+KFh4hWa/QxMpZnKNL9kbI5qB/Kp74HxW+BBEV5RM3qb8iyH 91dkwwlaHBacM14ref7unsY9/6g8p+QyafNgbPp7z1HULHOnqpA2XvzkWIpkqKTBAi0w+124IrjH bNairvFK6pTL6nYAK5SFwN+SfO3RTj+ltNhKvVr/rPgauYzGGdJc7RIEKerRIbbJ61tp1jIsZZmP Asm4saTNvKLc/aGsCG4P1/DzsdW4EfQaHpYQ3EvXjRGZhF/b/OyJbqFmR7vtklUM6kFUWdB5aLB2 hEziIWzKnhE5s0e9um74GiEjn8KdZPPut/6u5Q== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to i.root-servers.net for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 610 bytes from 192.36.148.17
	;; Response received from [192.36.148.17] 610 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 17758 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260430050000 20260417040000 54393 . njftKBi/siYeyqj8qinHcA8BR5KW+KFh4hWa/QxMpZnKNL9kbI5qB/Kp74HxW+BBEV5RM3qb8iyH 91dkwwlaHBacM14ref7unsY9/6g8p+QyafNgbPp7z1HULHOnqpA2XvzkWIpkqKTBAi0w+124IrjH bNairvFK6pTL6nYAK5SFwN+SfO3RTj+ltNhKvVr/rPgauYzGGdJc7RIEKerRIbbJ61tp1jIsZZmP Asm4saTNvKLc/aGsCG4P1/DzsdW4EfQaHpYQ3EvXjRGZhF/b/OyJbqFmR7vtklUM6kFUWdB5aLB2 hEziIWzKnhE5s0e9um74GiEjn8KdZPPut/6u5Q== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone gov

gov

	Checking DS between . and gov
	Query to k.root-servers.net for gov/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 193.0.14.129
	;; Response received from [193.0.14.129] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 50015 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260430050000 20260417040000 54393 . njftKBi/siYeyqj8qinHcA8BR5KW+KFh4hWa/QxMpZnKNL9kbI5qB/Kp74HxW+BBEV5RM3qb8iyH 91dkwwlaHBacM14ref7unsY9/6g8p+QyafNgbPp7z1HULHOnqpA2XvzkWIpkqKTBAi0w+124IrjH bNairvFK6pTL6nYAK5SFwN+SfO3RTj+ltNhKvVr/rPgauYzGGdJc7RIEKerRIbbJ61tp1jIsZZmP Asm4saTNvKLc/aGsCG4P1/DzsdW4EfQaHpYQ3EvXjRGZhF/b/OyJbqFmR7vtklUM6kFUWdB5aLB2 hEziIWzKnhE5s0e9um74GiEjn8KdZPPut/6u5Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for gov in the . zone
	DS=2536/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260430050000 20260417040000 54393 . njftKBi/siYeyqj8qinHcA8BR5KW+KFh4hWa/QxMpZnKNL9kbI5qB/Kp74HxW+BBEV5RM3qb8iyH 91dkwwlaHBacM14ref7unsY9/6g8p+QyafNgbPp7z1HULHOnqpA2XvzkWIpkqKTBAi0w+124IrjH bNairvFK6pTL6nYAK5SFwN+SfO3RTj+ltNhKvVr/rPgauYzGGdJc7RIEKerRIbbJ61tp1jIsZZmP Asm4saTNvKLc/aGsCG4P1/DzsdW4EfQaHpYQ3EvXjRGZhF/b/OyJbqFmR7vtklUM6kFUWdB5aLB2 hEziIWzKnhE5s0e9um74GiEjn8KdZPPut/6u5Q== )`
	RRSIG=54393 and DNSKEY=54393 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2536/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 )`
	Query to a.ns.gov for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62299 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536 gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496 gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20260605110630 20260405110630 2536 gov. 2iHkI6KNpypgXNkkvAKmXKicvyZoEJm+L3HYyM8970H7lTBFwiVYd2cum3MuioVU5WzMEQw1k1c6 /r/8XT47qw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for gov
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536`
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496`
	DNSKEY=2536/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2536/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2536/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20260605110630 20260405110630 2536 gov. 2iHkI6KNpypgXNkkvAKmXKicvyZoEJm+L3HYyM8970H7lTBFwiVYd2cum3MuioVU5WzMEQw1k1c6 /r/8XT47qw== )`
	RRSIG=2536 and DNSKEY=2536/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=35496 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to b.ns.gov for usgs.gov/A
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.231.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.231.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 37657 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260418101009 20260416081009 35496 gov. BLi0+HCIGQQXn4baHwG5gxaSd0OQrfpC/LH7Ku2uR8ypDsLvQW9/z9LRha1Thj+2e6n94aLZPt9k Urg6GFTk+A== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to c.ns.gov for usgs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 238 bytes from 199.33.232.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.232.1] 238 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 9257 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS chin.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 10800 IN NS ram.ns.cloudflare.com. usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260418101009 20260416081009 35496 gov. dobMf8ymZLQBeCgVP0CGlvwPw41GbVF9hGRlg7uijQrJCnttIdHAjNGs8AF+/6hlTMHeQ9bwZFcN ES0lyK6F3g== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usgs.gov

usgs.gov

	Checking DS between gov and usgs.gov
	Query to b.ns.gov for usgs.gov/DS
	Received 184 bytes from 199.33.231.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.231.1] 184 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 2813 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 ) usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260418101009 20260416081009 35496 gov. /fWY/nqZpieuAmFO8vL7VxVJoiWAGbX+90+L4byL4atpPFNiVnNcbKYphlq4ER8DzDRqn0QBd/ia PhsT3wRhjQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for usgs.gov in the gov zone
	DS=2371/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260418101009 20260416081009 35496 gov. /fWY/nqZpieuAmFO8vL7VxVJoiWAGbX+90+L4byL4atpPFNiVnNcbKYphlq4ER8DzDRqn0QBd/ia PhsT3wRhjQ== )`
	RRSIG=35496 and DNSKEY=35496 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2371/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 709b4b620eca00a4a835aac5829163b060a1e7ada9f3d9dd3b54d9805a4b22a3 )`
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 301 bytes from 172.64.33.225
	;; Response received from [172.64.33.225] 301 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62555 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260604033743 20260404033743 2371 usgs.gov. w7gjpWARTOp4Lnv3MgJUkb/1lNGAPyvGfh0MqQbzl4R635PjIgjRqdj0H61TcADxV5+sz7DTezo0 zRkHhVPsOQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for usgs.gov
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	DNSKEY=2371/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2371/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2371/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usgs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260604033743 20260404033743 2371 usgs.gov. w7gjpWARTOp4Lnv3MgJUkb/1lNGAPyvGfh0MqQbzl4R635PjIgjRqdj0H61TcADxV5+sz7DTezo0 zRkHhVPsOQ== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=34505 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Received 157 bytes from 173.245.58.84
	;; Response received from [173.245.58.84] 157 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 876 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 257 IN A 137.227.233.178 usgs.gov. 257 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 257 20260418101009 20260416081009 34505 usgs.gov. wwFEgRPg6/1gOxX1ITjqG63oNioSQthT5Zt7Cxv3T7pRpb9l+y4toE/9tyrQ2mcMuYVniNA33R7n W28X/2ausA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	chin.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usgs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/SOA
	Received 203 bytes from 108.162.193.225
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.225] 203 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 40910 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 1800 IN SOA ( chin.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2401839417 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) usgs.gov. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20260418101009 20260416081009 34505 usgs.gov. q1SLTtZuHiGTb4nLYdO9+32/IX842urMLJ+a8z9o+Lu3T5Qppp2qxNflG5ydH91KKMh/G5t85lB/ afuYpAmdgw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to chin.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	usgs.gov A RR has value 137.227.233.178
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usgs.gov. 257 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 257 20260418101009 20260416081009 34505 usgs.gov. wwFEgRPg6/1gOxX1ITjqG63oNioSQthT5Zt7Cxv3T7pRpb9l+y4toE/9tyrQ2mcMuYVniNA33R7n W28X/2ausA== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

usgs.gov

	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	Received 157 bytes from 108.162.193.225
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.225] 157 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 33850 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usgs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usgs.gov. 167 IN A 137.227.233.178 usgs.gov. 167 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 167 20260418101009 20260416081009 34505 usgs.gov. oX16dlah1nlBBXaqjMLBa2/jAjMUX/qDxzo8GX2fTEbIRYGBfLircTUyBrtVwNzVqiNQ/yii1+fa FDj/qMRL8w== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ram.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for usgs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by usgs.gov zone
	Query to ram.ns.cloudflare.com for usgs.gov/A
	usgs.gov A RR has value 137.227.233.178
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usgs.gov. 167 IN RRSIG ( A 13 2 167 20260418101009 20260416081009 34505 usgs.gov. oX16dlah1nlBBXaqjMLBa2/jAjMUX/qDxzo8GX2fTEbIRYGBfLircTUyBrtVwNzVqiNQ/yii1+fa FDj/qMRL8w== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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