DNSSEC Debugger - usna.edu

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Time: 2026-05-16 02:30:44 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for usna.edu

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to b.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1139 bytes from 170.247.170.2
	;; Response received from [170.247.170.2] 1139 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 22513 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260601000000 20260511000000 20326 . Psn+BsMNwRdKsw1pSQPmOm/QeUqgjveusWdT5NL9sOxccMKpzbYOgLqYNmJsOrAjj0MDy0/X/xbU gAGdRVuOt9mv4yk+TaBs7rpd0IgDZu++2bIAvxu3W82fKEKpJqLucDiPu1l+GKZ87zRYrJrQZZWk 01LmCEIIED9P62/QbhdDVIG3ZdcvXQpRPjWyQOom2tZ0APZ+59PyOxjNMgnOaeoAD8QWZ+iKVY8k o2GRoHRqrzEq46SGDh1YuFxuw67oG7mn+Mt2b9HUjYWgQCvBRSUMb4XRxhNnKQiOS4ECEXCDozMD yXk8727l6bFK0THkaFEqW64F/5CAL8adNRyUoQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAb5dDYffpgAJ8VUGLwQtWXPlQWsjIFJtCM00/XaKU+8ln+ofah3q2KxEIjvzQg+nqdxRj+8e mtPne1mtYcbFWP4Q9E+DniOJLK09R05FuzvGbrG7DDdRDUX/cedFdV7O8pFEAYpJqYNR9BCTIAV9 73DO2biauKSA31b7I2lK/woxoR1tf5cqJ4SMbJUviuHicAEoUi2ATswloZNWd5T5thmEFZnxFx7D 5UgKCY7oflS7+GU7dNJwEtmFnWYVETHN0kHXVz6aguouaAZp706YXNIoR/iTgQhmsR7XX+wL0Z8Q M2LxQIyU6vRZ06IyuJMGRMiwkSuGElbumyBt12JZbrU= ) ; keytag 54393`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20260601000000 20260511000000 20326 . Psn+BsMNwRdKsw1pSQPmOm/QeUqgjveusWdT5NL9sOxccMKpzbYOgLqYNmJsOrAjj0MDy0/X/xbU gAGdRVuOt9mv4yk+TaBs7rpd0IgDZu++2bIAvxu3W82fKEKpJqLucDiPu1l+GKZ87zRYrJrQZZWk 01LmCEIIED9P62/QbhdDVIG3ZdcvXQpRPjWyQOom2tZ0APZ+59PyOxjNMgnOaeoAD8QWZ+iKVY8k o2GRoHRqrzEq46SGDh1YuFxuw67oG7mn+Mt2b9HUjYWgQCvBRSUMb4XRxhNnKQiOS4ECEXCDozMD yXk8727l6bFK0THkaFEqW64F/5CAL8adNRyUoQ== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=54393 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to j.root-servers.net for usna.edu/A
	Received 1167 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 1167 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 15767 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260528170000 20260515160000 54393 . VrICNVDUELj2Sy3Ku5HlN3jCVAbxfL5Zg2CvNLTwPtIhM1svJ8jlIbwBAdUTtju9oAjK7iaEw2/2 jsVnk5whw3Ds9VAOBIkAHqnTGf2pj+/gAXMM/jfcqjG2liTAHnO7506u2pVsBG/cbZC8kzL90d23 vtYnBS/LxLN/VpknP8eu8Doyvu8h5cy/mVrnO49l2NrPjzTqV9KvKzYI+7mHpAZHgYNzfQVAgnHj cT5f1zkwhF78dZgQ4XWI7XTox5jhORnmY+yLYyTQoUPUW5SgfdEjxd9F8dlX8KpK4xZxjNFpJzOE +nGpUZ8wuGxxQpFkeXb0Y/+yOALV5+9mbpVlaA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to a.root-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1162 bytes from 198.41.0.4
	;; Response received from [198.41.0.4] 1162 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 53884 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260528170000 20260515160000 54393 . VrICNVDUELj2Sy3Ku5HlN3jCVAbxfL5Zg2CvNLTwPtIhM1svJ8jlIbwBAdUTtju9oAjK7iaEw2/2 jsVnk5whw3Ds9VAOBIkAHqnTGf2pj+/gAXMM/jfcqjG2liTAHnO7506u2pVsBG/cbZC8kzL90d23 vtYnBS/LxLN/VpknP8eu8Doyvu8h5cy/mVrnO49l2NrPjzTqV9KvKzYI+7mHpAZHgYNzfQVAgnHj cT5f1zkwhF78dZgQ4XWI7XTox5jhORnmY+yLYyTQoUPUW5SgfdEjxd9F8dlX8KpK4xZxjNFpJzOE +nGpUZ8wuGxxQpFkeXb0Y/+yOALV5+9mbpVlaA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone edu

edu

	Checking DS between . and edu
	Query to m.root-servers.net for edu/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 202.12.27.33
	;; Response received from [202.12.27.33] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 62413 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d ) edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260528170000 20260515160000 54393 . VrICNVDUELj2Sy3Ku5HlN3jCVAbxfL5Zg2CvNLTwPtIhM1svJ8jlIbwBAdUTtju9oAjK7iaEw2/2 jsVnk5whw3Ds9VAOBIkAHqnTGf2pj+/gAXMM/jfcqjG2liTAHnO7506u2pVsBG/cbZC8kzL90d23 vtYnBS/LxLN/VpknP8eu8Doyvu8h5cy/mVrnO49l2NrPjzTqV9KvKzYI+7mHpAZHgYNzfQVAgnHj cT5f1zkwhF78dZgQ4XWI7XTox5jhORnmY+yLYyTQoUPUW5SgfdEjxd9F8dlX8KpK4xZxjNFpJzOE +nGpUZ8wuGxxQpFkeXb0Y/+yOALV5+9mbpVlaA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for edu in the . zone
	DS=35663/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20260528170000 20260515160000 54393 . VrICNVDUELj2Sy3Ku5HlN3jCVAbxfL5Zg2CvNLTwPtIhM1svJ8jlIbwBAdUTtju9oAjK7iaEw2/2 jsVnk5whw3Ds9VAOBIkAHqnTGf2pj+/gAXMM/jfcqjG2liTAHnO7506u2pVsBG/cbZC8kzL90d23 vtYnBS/LxLN/VpknP8eu8Doyvu8h5cy/mVrnO49l2NrPjzTqV9KvKzYI+7mHpAZHgYNzfQVAgnHj cT5f1zkwhF78dZgQ4XWI7XTox5jhORnmY+yLYyTQoUPUW5SgfdEjxd9F8dlX8KpK4xZxjNFpJzOE +nGpUZ8wuGxxQpFkeXb0Y/+yOALV5+9mbpVlaA== )`
	RRSIG=54393 and DNSKEY=54393 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=35663/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`edu. 86400 IN DS ( 35663 13 2 a2e1614291831a4746b5ac52b4b345357687271e85353082741f1cf3d06a4c1d )`
	Query to j.edu-servers.net for edu/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 192.48.79.30
	;; Response received from [192.48.79.30] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 31864 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 WVHVp4Eprbq3+EmJ+XzSYbMy23PB3kzdKKmDpC7cME7yP44I5k/Fa64TOEpDHsJlZLDw28EQ8ypo /F3UAwLN0A== ) ; keytag 37239 edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663 edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260530151114 20260515150614 35663 edu. 1wLUhBQMKwrk0+jRTrasR+LjCAU9JhXeK7p5/Ur9BaOnFToDlr7wQ7//2Q7XmlNWjEEhc4Ee8pWE PAhq83RYOQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for edu
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 WVHVp4Eprbq3+EmJ+XzSYbMy23PB3kzdKKmDpC7cME7yP44I5k/Fa64TOEpDHsJlZLDw28EQ8ypo /F3UAwLN0A== ) ; keytag 37239`
	`edu. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 vqk4cwmCpZkXat25PaOVt3RPYDOmCr8B4D1IynrqSqzs+BeCYI6pnBNRUD9BgfqbxZHyfyDz6vbv 8KQaT7maRw== ) ; keytag 35663`
	DNSKEY=35663/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=35663/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=35663/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20260530151114 20260515150614 35663 edu. 1wLUhBQMKwrk0+jRTrasR+LjCAU9JhXeK7p5/Ur9BaOnFToDlr7wQ7//2Q7XmlNWjEEhc4Ee8pWE PAhq83RYOQ== )`
	RRSIG=35663 and DNSKEY=35663/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=37239 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to d.edu-servers.net for usna.edu/A
	Received 254 bytes from 192.31.80.30
	;; Response received from [192.31.80.30] 254 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 4015 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 3 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usna.edu. 172800 IN NS ns-a.usna.edu. usna.edu. 172800 IN NS ns-b.usna.edu. usna.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 31696 8 2 74a47b74b5f181f0f79d1b46a7d18c95491cafd10c116626b5b40a6e615a7125 ) usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260521031652 20260514020652 37239 edu. D/rb1lKiqy1V4GAZZAYlV/Np+rbWUHB+RYyl27bxicCZafJuUtP1qzOYtiCZV/S5EJkeUaNJPJGc nnI+pN7+8Q== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (3 records) ns-a.usna.edu. 172800 IN A 136.160.88.151 ns-b.usna.edu. 172800 IN A 136.160.88.152 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to k.edu-servers.net for usna.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 254 bytes from 192.52.178.30
	;; Response received from [192.52.178.30] 254 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 7429 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 3 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) usna.edu. 172800 IN NS ns-a.usna.edu. usna.edu. 172800 IN NS ns-b.usna.edu. usna.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 31696 8 2 74a47b74b5f181f0f79d1b46a7d18c95491cafd10c116626b5b40a6e615a7125 ) usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260521031652 20260514020652 37239 edu. D/rb1lKiqy1V4GAZZAYlV/Np+rbWUHB+RYyl27bxicCZafJuUtP1qzOYtiCZV/S5EJkeUaNJPJGc nnI+pN7+8Q== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (3 records) ns-a.usna.edu. 172800 IN A 136.160.88.151 ns-b.usna.edu. 172800 IN A 136.160.88.152 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone usna.edu

usna.edu

	Checking DS between edu and usna.edu
	Query to m.edu-servers.net for usna.edu/DS
	Received 1078 bytes from 192.55.83.30
	;; Response received from [192.55.83.30] 1078 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 58403 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 14 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usna.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 31696 8 2 74a47b74b5f181f0f79d1b46a7d18c95491cafd10c116626b5b40a6e615a7125 ) usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260521031652 20260514020652 37239 edu. D/rb1lKiqy1V4GAZZAYlV/Np+rbWUHB+RYyl27bxicCZafJuUtP1qzOYtiCZV/S5EJkeUaNJPJGc nnI+pN7+8Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (14 records) edu. 172800 IN NS d.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS i.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS a.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS c.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS b.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS j.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS g.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS f.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS m.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS e.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS k.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS l.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN NS h.edu-servers.net. edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( NS 13 1 172800 20260519031728 20260512020728 37239 edu. QOAqvjqKAvPvvfKOxM6JS5G6z5XtpkOSPIVP1iWWaLOdIKe2fqbawDqGdSuXW1TblbK1I5JGzP0x PUdFLWvlkA== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.edu-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for usna.edu in the edu zone
	DS=31696/SHA-256 has algorithm RSASHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20260521031652 20260514020652 37239 edu. D/rb1lKiqy1V4GAZZAYlV/Np+rbWUHB+RYyl27bxicCZafJuUtP1qzOYtiCZV/S5EJkeUaNJPJGc nnI+pN7+8Q== )`
	RRSIG=37239 and DNSKEY=37239 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=31696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`usna.edu. 86400 IN DS ( 31696 8 2 74a47b74b5f181f0f79d1b46a7d18c95491cafd10c116626b5b40a6e615a7125 )`
	Query to ns-a.usna.edu for usna.edu/DNSKEY
	Received 1221 bytes from 136.160.88.151
	;; Response received from [136.160.88.151] 1221 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 15955 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 6 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1220, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (6 records) usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaulYMpeHTDuF+6zTIknV0oxZUJEnWNfyNry79M6ajQeHxyV2wOyeuHN1lm9dlaEsch7B2A1 qBMTOjgDM/fG8addhu/3P2DaeLAfad+hXLSHvdOV+9asHA/N5qmwmA4fqrXmExBGBZOeiHYWDm6T XBA1X2UMC5ijotQcvvSSCWgMdiNYFccd9P6e3iouSdJ9GOlDW0wjcQe4GAzsEuvKdqiS9GwpCpCO PHEeEqdxqbbU/ClD+pRJ7rVoQo19YTeCFXmh3ErkIlt1/rJ04re8N+bAnwF6ktcUOZ7neq2D3VnU uJBJKiCSbzW7F1ERSv0p5xz3kjsBzcL9eOnPIJQpMVE= ) ; keytag 31696 usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbU7W61CPE9swBpy1Q6UclFkl+Bi+Qq1oHl1qbEOTqWq7MiXZQucNM6s243bWtZiAdBdig+L aYnh8307YXc6foCkuOWuMVetpyA2KoH+xsHtHwZwmEpYaydDGGQK3grSQlydWJB23kfH6jeXG0vq qHYdsWNfXi9ABXFuH/K2BLe/ ) ; keytag 37380 usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbu68NMHWWc63Zrf1p55PTXfsnILjQ8PIgzPfhQbAUvNJZpfJdpWFM3Jb3NVQahJBnDu/9mU HwRkYffxnBfK/TmtE8Z/rWpFbvWZS0pQ7qK8oevkIusqy1QVh/hJhWO4btQ+yyYD8pp/RztPu96D 3O4xC1jMfYFkpe7xCaljmGhP ) ; keytag 11289 usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAaUsd87a9O2lCkXDodF3Zkc289iMjGi9tV9rj2QmYgL/pSp30KjYNxkPoOK35Hn8bGlZ2R6A UIY1FYGOCzY7ae755tc3uSUAgAtghtORlRwjhhteu34hLD+JNhoZCqQi7SJ8DtDLDdX4KDjAeeYR n6I8fkz4vonqiD4KVNBr1sI9 ) ; keytag 8176 usna.edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 172800 20260519214325 20260515210038 8176 usna.edu. ZxBCKhsX12wqszUEiR+1KISoJarz1Sz+0xkrkvx06OTF6C+7a1DMIa//i1CK5/P30VelV+B6lbmZ hTCgUx4/XMk1Ky1/MeaIcNg14i3DuBkc+VRbokMY/ubbpEL6VbG88GvKx0ZKgSErKretKc/5l7Ti T3xM2kXaZjtb6CimzEo= ) usna.edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 172800 20260519214325 20260515210038 31696 usna.edu. gEnL+TkqpL9+H5yaGbVrcJQIGnTDqNtrilFdFl4YLXUZHv5qUQRKiHz6iYkNYPqyWK7Oc/pS6WdV HwLR9UT20YX6mppk2JxwCFRVrXZkksRMbDxZdXwKh279rdlm8r5nIOepWt9JOY2c+mEwPxVlwdQI Bxfh2iUQJMwnbHjfo0/K3Bs9EGBVJhQxhRJqtwkYdjUkSy/KuJjpenZo39vm5favCrhFeMkDO153 NQGTj0uG0K0XdPJ42ZTS2Pq2YxHZeKOjeqQm0uje8gNBSXgox8rH9ZPS6rTzJr8q5p5ihTXmFfIn /2eSgSEckpbd3NCDpSxbixKDKJVbZXg8nYcLJA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 4 DNSKEY records for usna.edu
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaulYMpeHTDuF+6zTIknV0oxZUJEnWNfyNry79M6ajQeHxyV2wOyeuHN1lm9dlaEsch7B2A1 qBMTOjgDM/fG8addhu/3P2DaeLAfad+hXLSHvdOV+9asHA/N5qmwmA4fqrXmExBGBZOeiHYWDm6T XBA1X2UMC5ijotQcvvSSCWgMdiNYFccd9P6e3iouSdJ9GOlDW0wjcQe4GAzsEuvKdqiS9GwpCpCO PHEeEqdxqbbU/ClD+pRJ7rVoQo19YTeCFXmh3ErkIlt1/rJ04re8N+bAnwF6ktcUOZ7neq2D3VnU uJBJKiCSbzW7F1ERSv0p5xz3kjsBzcL9eOnPIJQpMVE= ) ; keytag 31696`
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbU7W61CPE9swBpy1Q6UclFkl+Bi+Qq1oHl1qbEOTqWq7MiXZQucNM6s243bWtZiAdBdig+L aYnh8307YXc6foCkuOWuMVetpyA2KoH+xsHtHwZwmEpYaydDGGQK3grSQlydWJB23kfH6jeXG0vq qHYdsWNfXi9ABXFuH/K2BLe/ ) ; keytag 37380`
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAbu68NMHWWc63Zrf1p55PTXfsnILjQ8PIgzPfhQbAUvNJZpfJdpWFM3Jb3NVQahJBnDu/9mU HwRkYffxnBfK/TmtE8Z/rWpFbvWZS0pQ7qK8oevkIusqy1QVh/hJhWO4btQ+yyYD8pp/RztPu96D 3O4xC1jMfYFkpe7xCaljmGhP ) ; keytag 11289`
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAaUsd87a9O2lCkXDodF3Zkc289iMjGi9tV9rj2QmYgL/pSp30KjYNxkPoOK35Hn8bGlZ2R6A UIY1FYGOCzY7ae755tc3uSUAgAtghtORlRwjhhteu34hLD+JNhoZCqQi7SJ8DtDLDdX4KDjAeeYR n6I8fkz4vonqiD4KVNBr1sI9 ) ; keytag 8176`
	DNSKEY=31696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=31696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=31696/SEP
	Found 2 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 172800 20260519214325 20260515210038 8176 usna.edu. ZxBCKhsX12wqszUEiR+1KISoJarz1Sz+0xkrkvx06OTF6C+7a1DMIa//i1CK5/P30VelV+B6lbmZ hTCgUx4/XMk1Ky1/MeaIcNg14i3DuBkc+VRbokMY/ubbpEL6VbG88GvKx0ZKgSErKretKc/5l7Ti T3xM2kXaZjtb6CimzEo= )`
	`usna.edu. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 172800 20260519214325 20260515210038 31696 usna.edu. gEnL+TkqpL9+H5yaGbVrcJQIGnTDqNtrilFdFl4YLXUZHv5qUQRKiHz6iYkNYPqyWK7Oc/pS6WdV HwLR9UT20YX6mppk2JxwCFRVrXZkksRMbDxZdXwKh279rdlm8r5nIOepWt9JOY2c+mEwPxVlwdQI Bxfh2iUQJMwnbHjfo0/K3Bs9EGBVJhQxhRJqtwkYdjUkSy/KuJjpenZo39vm5favCrhFeMkDO153 NQGTj0uG0K0XdPJ42ZTS2Pq2YxHZeKOjeqQm0uje8gNBSXgox8rH9ZPS6rTzJr8q5p5ihTXmFfIn /2eSgSEckpbd3NCDpSxbixKDKJVbZXg8nYcLJA== )`
	RRSIG=8176 and DNSKEY=8176 verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	RRSIG=31696 and DNSKEY=31696/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=37380 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=11289 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=8176 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to ns-a.usna.edu for usna.edu/A
	Received 221 bytes from 136.160.88.151
	;; Response received from [136.160.88.151] 221 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 21582 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1220, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usna.edu. 86400 IN A 136.160.88.139 usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 86400 20260519204107 20260515201659 8176 usna.edu. O3hrsRmSemUXyeamu83cJLTyDe/9OWntYgbskb5R08bAPjnlqnyFsyXVi+P714q01JVBdvyLEwrg TUCQ9hGxZQLB/iITGbRNP2h/u3ggEsoIlfhE4VrhSghj4prLm29VPIej2RqcywAIsr0v1yyZhF/1 iKEA5XTf8hokivz2n3w= ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns-a.usna.edu is authoritative for usna.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usna.edu zone
	Query to ns-b.usna.edu for usna.edu/SOA
	Received 250 bytes from 136.160.88.152
	;; Response received from [136.160.88.152] 250 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 11277 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1220, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usna.edu. 86400 IN SOA ( ns-a.usna.edu. dns.usna.edu. 2015124062 ;serial 21600 ;refresh 2160 ;retry 1296000 ;expire 900 ;minimum ) usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( SOA 8 2 86400 20260519224411 20260515214411 8176 usna.edu. cLiUVESQtwlRY2e+dzKNPnl7AwaC4v2FN+GVcIFGN0QjplY68GG+dWoRUoKdF3xQFL7dxzuuI6eo re0JcFCY/M4Ug4XwRRfuNbfSCzPLBtTad/urb+zAdr7BroWLnad7QWlwtOA6Gxp1Nrj4eaaPslSE 1qj5aJl48vaJLOqGhnY= ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ns-a.usna.edu for usna.edu/A
	usna.edu A RR has value 136.160.88.139
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 86400 20260519204107 20260515201659 8176 usna.edu. O3hrsRmSemUXyeamu83cJLTyDe/9OWntYgbskb5R08bAPjnlqnyFsyXVi+P714q01JVBdvyLEwrg TUCQ9hGxZQLB/iITGbRNP2h/u3ggEsoIlfhE4VrhSghj4prLm29VPIej2RqcywAIsr0v1yyZhF/1 iKEA5XTf8hokivz2n3w= )`
	RRSIG=8176 and DNSKEY=8176 verifies the A RRset

usna.edu

	Query to ns-b.usna.edu for usna.edu/A
	Received 221 bytes from 136.160.88.152
	;; Response received from [136.160.88.152] 221 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 47676 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1220, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; usna.edu. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) usna.edu. 86400 IN A 136.160.88.139 usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 86400 20260519204107 20260515201659 8176 usna.edu. O3hrsRmSemUXyeamu83cJLTyDe/9OWntYgbskb5R08bAPjnlqnyFsyXVi+P714q01JVBdvyLEwrg TUCQ9hGxZQLB/iITGbRNP2h/u3ggEsoIlfhE4VrhSghj4prLm29VPIej2RqcywAIsr0v1yyZhF/1 iKEA5XTf8hokivz2n3w= ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns-b.usna.edu is authoritative for usna.edu
	Found RRSIG signed by usna.edu zone
	Query to ns-b.usna.edu for usna.edu/A
	usna.edu A RR has value 136.160.88.139
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`usna.edu. 86400 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 86400 20260519204107 20260515201659 8176 usna.edu. O3hrsRmSemUXyeamu83cJLTyDe/9OWntYgbskb5R08bAPjnlqnyFsyXVi+P714q01JVBdvyLEwrg TUCQ9hGxZQLB/iITGbRNP2h/u3ggEsoIlfhE4VrhSghj4prLm29VPIej2RqcywAIsr0v1yyZhF/1 iKEA5XTf8hokivz2n3w= )`
	RRSIG=8176 and DNSKEY=8176 verifies the A RRset

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